{0>"Spirits, including requirements applied under China's ""Administrative Measures on Imported Spirits in the Domestic Market"", and other provisions which imposed distinct criteria and licensing for the distribution and sale of different categories of spirits, including unification of the licensing requirements so that a single licence authorized the sale of all spirits irrespective of their country of origin;"<}0{>酒类，包括根据中国《进口酒类国内市场管理办法》所实施的要求，及对不同类别酒类的分销和销售实施不同标准和许可要求的规定，包括统一许可程序要求，以便使单独一个许可证即可授权销售所有酒类，而不考虑其原产国；<0}

{0>"– Chemicals, including registration procedures applicable to imported products, such as those applied under China's ""Provisions on the Environmental Administration of Initial Imports of Chemical Products and Imports and Exports of Toxic Chemical Products"";"<}0{>化学品，包括适用于进口产品的登记程序，如根据中国《化学品首次进口及有毒化学品进出口环境管理规定》实施的程序；<0}

{0>"– Boilers and pressure vessels, including certification and inspection procedures which had to be no less favourable than those applied to goods of Chinese origin, and fees applied by the relevant agencies or administrative bodies, which had to be equitable in relation to those chargeable for like products of domestic origin."<}0{>锅炉和压力容器，包括在认证和检验程序方面的待遇不得低于适用于中国原产货物的待遇，有关部门或行政机关收取的费用与对同类国产品收取的费用相比，必须公平。<0}

{0>"The representative of China stated that in the cases of pharmaceuticals, spirits and chemicals cited above, China would reserve the right to use a transitional period of one year from the date of accession in order to amend or repeal the relevant legislation.  The Working Party took note of these commitments. "<}0{>中国代表表示，对于上述药品、酒类和化学品，中国将保留使用自加入之日起1年过渡期的权利，以便修正或废止有关法律。工作组注意到这些承诺。<0}

{0>Monetary and Fiscal Policy<}0{>2.货币和财政政策<0}

{0>"The representative of China stated that through the reform and opening up in the last two decades, China had established a fiscal management system which was compatible with the principles of a market economy.  With respect to fiscal revenue, a taxation system with a value-added tax as the main element had been established since the taxation reform in 1994."<}0{>24．中国代表表示，经过20多年的改革开放，中国已经建立了一套符合市场经济原则的财政管理体制。在财政收入方面， 自1994年税制改革以来，建立了以增值税为主体税种的税收制度。<0}

{0>" With respect to fiscal expenditure, over recent years the government had, in line with the public fiscal requirement generally exercised by market economies, strengthened its adjustment of the structure of expenditure and given priority to public needs so as to ensure the normal operations of the government."<}0{>在财政支出方面，近年来政府按照市场经济国家普遍实行的公共财政要求，加大了支出结构调整的力度，突出公共需要，以保证政府的正常运转。<0}

{0>"The representative of China further stated that in recent years, while pursuing proactive fiscal policy, China had implemented proper monetary policy and had taken a series of adjusting and reform measures which included lowering the interest rate for loans from financial institutions, improving the system of required deposit reserves and lowering the ratio of required reserves, positively increasing the input of base money and encouraging the commercial banks to expand their credit."<}0{>25．中国代表进一步表示，近年来，中国在实施积极财政政策的同时，实行了适当的货币政策，采取了下调金融机构贷款利率，改进存款准备金制度并下调法定存款准备金比率，积极增加基础货币投放，鼓励商业银行扩大信贷等一系列调控和改革措施。<0}

{0>"In respect of future fiscal policy, the representative of China noted that the Government of China would further improve its taxation system and would continue to improve the efficiency of fiscal expenditure through implementing reform measures such as sectoral budget, centralized payment by the national treasury and zero base budget, as well as improving management of fiscal expenditure."<}0{>26．对于今后的财政政策，中国代表指出，中国政府将进一步完善税收制度，并通过实施部门预算、国库集中支付制度和零基预算等改革措施，加强财政支出管理，不断地提高财政支出的效率。<0}

{0>" With respect to future monetary policy, the central bank would continue to pursue a prudent policy, maintain the stability of RMB, promote interest rate liberalization and establish a modern commercial banking system."<}0{>对于今后的货币政策，中央银行将继续实行稳健的货币政策，保持人民币币值的稳定；推进利率市场化改革；建立现代商业银行制度。<0}

{0>Foreign Exchange and Payments<}0{>3.外汇和支付<0}

{0>Some members of the Working Party raised concerns about China's use of forex controls to regulate the level and composition of trade in goods and services. <}0{>27．一些工作组成员对中国使用外汇管制来控制货物贸易和服务贸易的水平和构成表示关注。<0}

{0>" In response, the representative of China stated that China was now a member of the International Monetary Fund (""IMF"") and that recently its system of forex had undergone rapid change.  Significant moves had been taken to reform, rationalize and liberalize the forex market.  "<}0{>对此，中国代表表示，中国目前是国际货币基金组织(“IMF”)成员，其外汇管理体制最近发生了迅速的变化，已采取重大措施改革、理顺和放开外汇市场。<0}

{0>The practice of multiple exchange rates in swap centres had been abolished.  China had already unified its forex market and removed many of the restrictions on the use of forex. <}0{>外汇调剂市场的多重汇率做法已经取消。中国已经统一其外汇市场，并已经取消对外汇使用的多项限制。<0}

{0>"Outlining the historical development of China's forex reform, the representative of China stated that the purpose of China's forex reform was to reduce administrative intervention and increase the role of market forces.  From 1979, a forex retention system was applied in China, although forex swap was gradually developing.  "<}0{>28．在简述中国外汇改革的历史发展时，中国代表表示，中国外汇体制改革的目的是逐步减少行政干预，增加市场力量的作用。自1979年起，中国实施外汇留成制度，同时外汇市场逐步发展。<0}

{0>"In early 1994, official RMB exchange rates were unified with the market rates. The banking exchange system was adopted and a nationwide unified inter-bank forex market was established, with conditional convertibility of the Renminbi on current accounts.  Since 1996, foreign invested enterprises (""FIEs"") were also permitted into the banking exchange system, and the remaining exchange restrictions on current accounts were eliminated."<}0{>1994年初，人民币官方汇率与市场汇率并轨，实行银行结售汇，建立全国统一的银行间外汇市场，实现了人民币经常项目下有条件可兑换。自1996年起，将外商投资企业(“FIEs”)纳入银行结售汇体系，取消尚存的经常项目汇兑限制。<0}

{0>" On 1?December?1996, China had formally accepted the obligations of Article VIII of the IMF's Articles of Agreement, removing exchange restrictions on current account transactions.  Accordingly, since then the Renminbi had been fully convertible on current accounts. "<}0{>199

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