学校及其他教育机构进行教学，应当推广使用全国通用的普通话和规范字。

Putonghua (common speech based on Beijing pronunciation) and the standar-dized characters designed for use throughout the country shall be widely used in instruction in schools and other institutions of education.

　　第十三条　国家对发展教育事业做出突出贡献的组织和个人，给予奖励。

Article 13 The State awards units or individuals that have made outstanding achievements in the development of education.

　　第十四条　国务院和地方各级人民政府根据分级管理、分工负责的原则，领导和管理教育工作。

Article 14 The State Council and the local people's governments at various levels shall guide and administer educational work under the principles of admini-stration by different levels and of a division of responsibilities.

　　中等及中等以下教育在国务院领导下，由地方人民政府管理。

Secondary education and education at lower levels shall be administered by the local people's governments under the guidance of the State Council.

　　高等教育由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理。

Higher education shall be administered by the State Council, and/or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　第十五条　国务院教育行政部门主管全国教育工作，统筹规划、协调管理全国的教育事业。

Article 15 The administrative department of education under the State Council shall be in charge of the nationwide educational work, and undertake overall planning, coordination and management of the educational undertakings throughout the country.

　　县级以上地方各级人民政府教育行政部门主管本行政区域内的教育工作。

The administrative departments of education under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the educational work in their respective administrative regions.

　　县级以上各级人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的教育工作。

Other departments concerned under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the related educational work within the scope of their functions and duties.

　　第十六条　国务院和县级以上地方各级人民政府应当向本级人民代表大会或者其常务委员会报告教育工作和教育经费预算、决算情况，接受监督。

Article 16 The State Council and the local people's governments at or above the county level shall report to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the work of education and on the budgets and final accounts of the operating expenses for education, which shall be subject to supervision.

　　第二章　教育基本制度

CHAPTER II BASIC SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

　　第十七条　国家实行学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育的学校教育制度。

Article 17 The State applies a school education system embracing pre- school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.

　　国家建立科学的学制系统。学制系统内的学校和其他教育机构的设置、教育形式、修业年限、招生对象、培养目标等，由国务院或者由国务院授权教育行政部门规定。

The State establishes a scientific schooling system. The establishment, forms of instruction, length of schooling, enrollment targets, objectives of training, etc. of schools and other institutions of education governed by the schooling system shall be prescribed by the State Council or the administrative department of education empowered by the State Council.

　　第十八条　国家实行九年制义务教育制度。

Article 18 The State applies a system of nine-year compulsory education.

　　各级人民政府采取各种措施保障适龄儿童、少年就学。

People's governments at all levels shall take various measures to guarantee school-age children and adolescents access to education.

　　适龄儿童、少年的父母或者其他监护人以及有关社会组织和个人有义务使适龄儿童、少年接受并完成规定年限的义务教育。

Parents or other guardians of school-age children and adolescents as well as social organizations and individuals concerned shall have the obligation to ensure that school-age children and adolescents receive and complete compulsory education for the prescribed number of years.

　　第十九条　国家实行职业教育制度和成人教育制度。

Article 19 The State applies a system of vocational education and a system of adult education.

　　各级人民政府、有关行政部门以及企业事业组织应当采取措施，发展并保障公民接受职业学校教育或者各种形式的职业培训。

People's governments at various levels, the administrative departments concer-ned and enterprises and institutions shall adopt measures to develop educational programs and guarantee that citizens receive education in vocational schools or different types of vocational training.

　　国家鼓励发展多种形式的成人教育，使公民接受适当形式的政治、经济、文化、科学、技术、业务教育和终身教育。

The State encourages the development of varied forms of adult education so that citizens may receive appropriate education in politics, economics, culture, science and technology and professional or life-long education.

　　第二十条　国家实行国家教育考试制度。

Article 20 The State applies a national education examination system.

　　国家教育考试由国务院教育行政部门确定种类，并由国家批准的实施教育考试的机构承办。

The administrative department of education under the State Council shall determine the types of national education examination which shall be undertaken by the institutions that conduct such education examination as approved by the State.

　　第二十一条　国家实行学业证书制度。

Article 21 The State applies a system of education certifica

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