第四十三条  承运人或者托运人可以要求书面确认海上货物运输合同的成立。

Article 43 The carrier or the shipper may demand confirmation of the contract of carriage of goods by sea in writing.

但是，航次租船合同应当书面订立。电报、电传和传真具有书面效力。

However, voyage charter shall be done in writing. Telegrams, telexes and telefaxes have the effect of written documents.

第四十四条  海上货物运输合同和作为合同凭证的提单或者其他运输单证中的条款，违反本章规定的，无效。

Article 44 Any stipulation in a contract of carriage of goods by sea or a bill of lading or other similar documents evidencing such contract that derogates from the provisions of this Chapter shall be null and void.

此类条款的无效，不影响该合同和提单或者他运输单证中其他条款的效力。

However, such nullity and voidness shall not affect the validity of other provisions of the contract or the bill of lading or other similar documents.

将货物的保险利益转让给承运人的条款或者类似条款，无效。

A clause assigning the benefit of insurance of the goods in favour of the carrier or any similar clause shall be null and void.

第四十五条  本法第四十四条的规定不影响承运人在本章规定的承运人责任和义务之外，增加其责任和义务。

Article 45 The provisions of Article 44 of this Code shall not prejudice the increase of duties and obligations by the carrier besides those set out in this Chapter.

第二节  承运人的责任

Section 2 Carrier's Responsibilities

第四十六条  承运人对集装箱装运的货物的责任期间，是指从装货港接收货物时起至卸货港交付货物时止，货物处于承运人掌管之下的全部期间。

Article 46 The responsibilities of the carrier with regard to the goods carried in containers covers the entire period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time the carrier has taken over the goods at the port of loading, until the goods have been delivered at the port of discharge.

承运人非集装箱装运的货物的责任期间，是指从货物装上船时起至卸下船时止，货物处于承运人掌管之下的全部期间。

The responsibility of the carrier with respect to non-containerized goods covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time of loading of the goods onto the ship until the time the goods are discharged therefrom.

在承运人的责任期间，货物发生灭失或者损坏，除本节另有规定外，承运人应当负赔偿责任。

During the period the carrier is in charge of the goods, the carrier shall be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods, except as otherwise provided for in this Section.

前款规定，不影响承运人就非集装箱装运的货物，在装船前和卸船后所承担的责任，达成任何协议。

The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not prevent the carrier from entering into any agreement concerning carrier's responsibilities with regard to non-containerized goods prior to loading onto and after discharging from the ship.

第四十七条  承运人在船舶开航前和开航当时，应当谨慎处理，使船舶处于适航状态，妥善配备船员、装备船舶和配备供应品，并使货舱、冷藏舱、冷气和其他载货处所适于并能安全收受、载运和保管货物。

Article 47 The carrier shall, before and at the beginning of the voyage, exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy, properly man, equip and supply the ship and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.

第四十八条  承运人应当妥善地、谨慎地装载、搬移、积载、运输、保管、照料和卸载所运货物。

Article 48 The carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried.

第四十九条  承运人应当按照约定的或者习惯的或者地理上的航线将货物运往卸货港。

Article 49 The carrier shall carry the goods to the port of discharge on the agreed or customary or geographically direct route.

船舶在海上为救助或者企图救助人命或者财产而发生的绕航或者其他合理绕航，不属于违反前款规定的行为。

Any deviation in saving or attempting to save life or property at sea or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an act deviating from the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

第五十条  货物未能在明确约定的时间内，在约定的卸货港交付的，为迟延交付。

Article 50 Delay in delivery occurs when the goods have not been delivered at the designated port of discharge within the time expressly agreed upon.

除依照本章规定承运人不负赔偿责任的情形外，由于承运人的过失，致使货物因迟延交付而灭失或者损坏的，承运人应当负赔偿责任。

The carrier shall be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods caused by delay in delivery due to the fault of the carrier, except those arising or resulting from causes for which the carrier is not liable as provided for in the relevant Articles of this Chapter.

除依照本章规定承运人不负赔偿责任的情形外，由于承运人的过失，致使货物因迟延交付而遭受经济损失的，即使货物没有灭失或者损坏，承运人仍然应当负赔偿责任。

The carrier shall be liable for the economic losses caused by delay in delivery of the goods due to the fault of the carrier, even if no loss of or damage to the goods had actually occurred, unless such economic losses had occurred from causes for which the carrier is not liable as provided for in the relevant Articles of this Chapter.

承运人未能在本条第一款规定的时间届满六十日内交付货物，有权对货物灭失提出赔偿请求的人可以认为货物已经灭失。

The person entitled to make a claim for the loss of goods may treat the goods as lost when the carrier has not delivered the goods within 60 days from the expiry of the time for delivery specified in paragraph 1 of this Article.

第五十一条  在责任期间货物发生的灭失或者损坏是由于下列原因之一造成的，承运人不负赔偿责任：

Article 51 The carrier shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods occurred during the period of carrier's responsibility arising or resulting from any of the following causes:

（一）船长、船员、引航员或者承运人的其他受雇人在驾驶船舶或者管理船舶中的过失；

(1) Fault of the Master, crew members, pilot or servant of the carrier in the navigation or management of the ship;

（二）火灾，但是由于承运人本人的过失所造成的除外；

(2) Fire, unless caused by the actual fault of the carrier;

（三）天灾，海上或者其他可航水域的危险或者意外事故；

(3) Force majeure and perils, dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters;

（四）战争或者武装冲突；

(4) War or armed conflict;

（五）政府或者主管部门的行为、检疫限制或者司法扣押；

(5) Act of the government or competent authoriti

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