第二条 中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民。

Article 2 All power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people.

人民行使国家权力的机关是全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会。

The National People's Congress and the local people's congresses at various levels are the organs through which the people exercise state power.

人民依照法律规定，通过各种途径和形式，管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务。

The people administer state affairs and manage economic, cultural and social affairs through various channels and in various ways in accordance with the law.

第三条 中华人民共和国的国家机构实行民主集中制的原则。

Article 3 The state organs of the People's Republic of China apply the principle of democratic centralism.

全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会都由民主选举产生，对人民负责，受人民监督。

The National People's Congress and the local people's congresses at various levels are constituted through democratic elections. They are responsible to the people and subject to their supervision.

国家行政机关、审判机关、检察机关都由人民代表大会产生，对它负责，受它监督。

All administrative, judicial and procuratorial organs of the state are created by the people's congresses to which they are responsible and by which they are supervised. 

中央和地方的国家机构职权的划分，遵循在中央的统一领导下，充分发挥地方的主动性、积极性的原则。

The division of functions and powers between the central and local state organs is guided by the principle of giving full scope to the initiative and enthusiasm of the local authorities under the unified leadership of the central authorities.

第四条 中华人民共和国各民族一律平等。国家保障各少数民族的合法的权利和利益，维护和发展各民族的平等、团结、互助关系。

Article 4 All nationalities in the People's Republic of China are equal. The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the minority nationalities and upholds and develops a relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance among all of China's nationalities. 

禁止对任何民族的歧视和压迫，禁止破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为。

Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality are prohibited; any act which undermines the unity of the nationalities or instigates division is prohibited.

国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要，帮助各少数民族地区加速经济和文化的发展。

The state assists areas inhabited by minority nationalities in accelerating their economic and cultural development according to the characteristics and needs of the various minority nationalities.

各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治，设立自治机关，行使自治权。各民族自治地方都是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。

Regional autonomy is practised in areas where people of minority nationalities live in concentrated communities; in these areas organs of self-government are established to exercise the power of autonomy. All national autonomous areas are integral parts of the People's Republic of China.

各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由，都有保持或者改革自己的风俗习惯的自由。

All nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages and to preserve or reform their own folkways and customs.

第五条 国家维护社会主义法制的统一和尊严。

Article 5 The state upholds the uniformity and dignity of the socialist legal system.

一切法律、行政法规和地方性法规都不得同宪法相抵触。

No laws or administrative or local rules and regulations may contravene the Constitution. 

一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各社会团体、各企业事业组织都必须遵守宪法和法律。一切违反宪法和法律的行为，必须予以追究。

All state organs, the armed forces, all political parties and public organizations and all enterprises and institutions must abide by the Constitution and the law. All acts in violation of the Constitution or the law must be investigated.

任何组织或者个人都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权。

No organization or individual is privileged to be beyond the Constitution or the law.

第六条 中华人民共和国的社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。

Article 6 The basis of the socialist economic system of the People's Republic of China is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.

社会主义公有制消灭人剥削人的制度，实行各尽所能，按劳分配的原则。

The system of socialist public ownership supersedes the system of exploitation of man by man; it applies the principle of "from each according to his ability, to each according to his work."

第七条 国营经济是社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。国家保障国营经济的巩固和发展。

Article 7 The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.

第八条 农村人民公社、农业生产合作社和其他生产、供销、信用、消费等各种形式的合作经济，是社会主义劳动群众集体所有制经济。

Article 8 Rural people's communes, agricultural producers cooperatives and other forms of cooperatives economy, such as producers', supply and marketing, credit and consumers cooperatives, belong to the sector of socialist economy under collective ownership by the working people. 

参加农村集体经济组织的劳动者，有权在法律规定的范围内经营自留地、自留山、家庭副业和饲养自留畜。

Working people who are members of rural economic collective have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for their private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately owned livestock.

城镇中的手工业、工业、建筑业、运输业、商业、服务业等行业的各种形式的合作经济，都是社会主义劳动群众集体所有制经济。

The various forms of cooperative economy in the cities and towns, suc

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