本法所说的父母，包括生父母、养父母和有扶养关系的继父母。

The "parents" referred to in this Law include natural parents and adoptive parents, as well as step-parents who supported or were supported by the decedent.

本法所说的兄弟姐妹，包括同父母的兄弟姐妹、同父异母或者同母异父的兄弟姐妹、养兄弟姐妹、有扶养关系的继兄弟姐妹。

The "brothers and sisters" referred to in this Law include blood brothers and sisters, brothers and sisters of half blood, adopted brothers and sisters, as well as step-brothers and step-sisters who supported or were supported by the decedent.

第十一条 被继承人的子女先于被继承人死亡的，由被继承人的子女的晚辈直系血亲代位继承。代位继承人一般只能继承他的父亲或者母亲有权继承的遗产份额。

Article 11 Where a decedent survived his child, the direct lineal descendants of the predeceased child inherit in subrogation. Descendants who inherit in subrogation generally shall take only the share of the estate their father or mother was entitled to.

第十二条 丧偶儿媳对公、婆，丧偶女婿对岳父、岳母，尽了主要赡养义务的，作为第一顺序继承人。

Article 12 Widowed daughters-in-law or sons-in-law who have made the predominant contributions in maintaining their parents-in-law shall, in relationship to their parents-in-law, be regarded as successors first in order.

第十三条 同一顺序继承人继承遗产的份额，一般应当均等。

Article 13 Successors same in order shall, in general, inherit in equal shares.

对生活有特殊困难的缺乏劳动能力的继承人，分配遗产时，应当予以照顾。

At the time of distributing the estate, due consideration shall be given to successors who are unable to work and have special financial difficulties.

对被继承人尽了主要扶养义务或者与被继承人共同生活的继承人，分配遗产时，可以多分。

At the time of distributing the estate, successors who have made the predominant contributions in maintaining the decedent or have lived with the decedent may be given a larger share.

有扶养能力和有扶养条件的继承人，不尽扶养义务的，分配遗产时，应当不分或者少分。

At the time of distributing the estate, successors who had the ability and were in a position to maintain the decedent but failed to fulfil their duties shall be given no share or a smaller share of the estate.

继承人协商同意的，也可以不均等。

Successors may take unequal shares if an agreement to that effect is reached among them.

第十四条 对继承人以外的依靠被继承人扶养的缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的人，或者继承人以外的对被继承人扶养较多的人，可以分给他们适当的遗产。

Article 14 An appropriate share of the estate may be given to a person, other than a successor, who depended on the support of the decedent and who neither can work nor has a source of income, or to a person, other than a successor, who was largely responsible for supporting the decedent.

第十五条 继承人应当本着互谅互让、和睦团结的精神，协商处理继承问题。遗产分割的时间、办法和份额，由继承人协商确定。协商不成的，可以由人民调解委员会调解或者向人民法院提起诉讼。

Article 15 Questions pertaining to succession should be dealt with through consultation by and among the successors in the spirit of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, as well as of amity and unity. The time and mode for partitioning the estate and the shares shall be decided by the successors through consultation. If no agreement is reached through consultation, they may apply to a People's Mediation Committee for mediation or institute legal proceedings in a people's court.

第三章 遗嘱继承和遗赠

Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy

第十六条 公民可以依照本法规定立遗嘱处分个人财产，并可以指定遗嘱执行人。

Article 16 A citizen may, by means of a will made in accordance with the provisions of this Law, dispose of the property he owns and may appoint a testamentary executor for the purpose.

公民可以立遗嘱将个人财产指定由法定继承人的一人或者数人继承。

 A citizen may, by making a will, designate one or more of the statutory successors to inherit his personal property.

公民可以立遗嘱将个人财产赠给国家、集体或者法定继承人以外的人。

A citizen may, by making a will, donate his personal property to the state or a collective, or bequeath it to persons other than the statutory successors.

第十七条 公证遗嘱由遗嘱人经公证机关办理。

Article 17 A notarial will is one made by a testator through a notary agency.

自书遗嘱由遗嘱人亲笔书写，签名，注明年、月、日。

A testator-written will is one made in the testator's own handwriting and signed by him, specifying the date of its making.

代书遗嘱应当有两个以上见证人在场见证，由其中一人代书，注明年、月、日，并由代书人、其他见证人和遗嘱人签名。

A will written on behalf of the testator shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses, of whom one writes the will, dates it and signs it along with the other witness or witnesses and with the testator.

以录音形式立的遗嘱，应当有两个以上见证人在场见证。

A will made in the form of a sound-recording shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses.

遗嘱人在危急情况下，可以立口头遗嘱。口头遗嘱应当有两个以上见证人在场见证。危急情况解除后，遗嘱人能够用书面或者录音形式立遗嘱的，所立的口头遗嘱无效。

A testator may, in an emergency situation, make a nuncupative will, which shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. When the emergency situation is over and if the testator is able to make a will in writing or in the form of a sound-recording, the nuncupative will he has made shall be invalidated.

第十八条 下列人员不能作为遗嘱见证人：

Article 18 None of the following persons shall act as a witness of a will:

（一）无行为能力人、限制行为能力人；

(1) persons with no capacity or with limited capacity;

（二）继承人、受遗赠人；

(2) successors and legatees;

（三）与继承人、受遗赠人有利害关系的人。

or (3) persons whose interests are related to those of the successors and

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