院长担任审判长时的回避，由审判委员会决定；

The withdrawal of the president of the court as the chief judge shall be decided by the court's adjudication committee;

审判人员的回避，由院长决定；其他人员的回避，由审判长决定。

the withdrawal of a member of the judicial personnel shall be decided by the president of the court;　the withdrawal of other personnel shall be decided by the chief judge.

当事人对决定不服的，可以申请复议。

Parties who refuse to accept the decision may apply for reconsideration.

第四十八条 经人民法院两次合法传唤，原告无正当理由拒不到庭的，视为申请撤诉；被告无正当理由拒不到庭的，可以缺席判决。

Article 48 If the plaintiff refuses to appear in court without justified reasons after being twice legally summoned by the people's court, the court shall consider this an application for the withdrawal of the suit; if the defendant refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, the court may make a judgment by default.

第四十九条 诉讼参与人或者其他人有下列行为之一的，人民法院可以根据情节轻重，予以训诫、责令具结悔过或者处一千元以下的罚款、十五日以下的拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：

Article 49 If a participant in the proceedings or any other person commits any of the following acts, the people's court may, according to the seriousness of his offence, reprimand him, order him to sign a statement of repentance or impose upon him a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan or detain him for not longer than 15 days; if a crime is constituted, his criminal responsibility shall be investigated:

（一）有义务协助执行的人，对人民法院的协助执行通知书，无故推拖、拒绝或者妨碍执行的；

(1) evading without reason, refusing to assist in or obstructing the execution of the notice of a people's court for assistance in its execution by a person who has the duty to render assistance;

（二）伪造、隐藏、毁灭证据的；

(2) forging, concealing or destroying evidence;

（三）指使、贿买、胁迫他人作伪证或者威胁、阻止证人作证的；

(3) instigating, suborning or threatening others to commit perjury or hindering witnesses from giving testimony;

（四）隐藏、转移、变卖、毁损已被查封、扣押、冻结的财产的；

(4) concealing, transferring, selling or destroying the property that has been sealed up, seized or frozen;

（五）以暴力、威胁或者其他方法阻碍人民法院工作人员执行职务或者扰乱人民法院工作秩序的；

(5) using violence, threats or other means to hinder the personnel of a people's court from performing their duties or disturbing the order of the work of a people's court;

（六）对人民法院工作人员、诉讼参与人、协助执行人侮辱、诽谤、诬陷、殴打或者打击报复的。

 or (6) insulting, slandering, framing, beating or retaliating against the personnel of a people's court, participants in proceedings or personnel who assist in the execution of duties;

罚款、拘留须经人民法院院长批准。当事人对决定不服的，可以申请复议。

A fine or detention must be approved by the president of a people's court. Parties who refuse to accept the punishment decision may apply for reconsideration.

第五十条 人民法院审理行政案件，不适用调解。

Article 50 A people's court shall not apply conciliation in handling an administrative case.

第五十一条 人民法院对行政案件宣告判决或者裁定前，原告申请撤诉的，或者被告改变其所作的具体行政行为，原告同意并申请撤诉的，是否准许，由人民法院裁定。

Article 51 Before a people's court announces its judgment or order on an administrative case, if the plaintiff applies for the withdrawal of the suit, or if the defendant amends its specific administrative act and, as a result, the plaintiff agrees and applies for the withdrawal of the suit, the people's court shall decide whether or not to grant the approval.

第五十二条 人民法院审理行政案件，以法律和行政法规、地方性法规为依据。地方性法规适用于本行政区域内发生的行政案件。

Article 52 In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall take the law, administrative rules and regulations and local regulations as the criteria. Local regulations shall be applicable to administrative cases within the corresponding administrative areas.

人民法院审理民族自治地方的行政案件，并以该民族自治地方的自治条例和单行条例为依据。

In handling administrative cases of a national autonomous area, the people's courts shall also take the regulations on autonomy and separate regulations of the national autonomous area as the criteria.

第五十三条 人民法院审理行政案件，参照国务院部、委根据法律和国务院的行政法规、决定、命令制定、发布的规章以及省、自治区、直辖市和省、自治区的人民政府所在地的市和经国务院批准的较大的市的人民政府根据法律和国务院的行政法规制定、发布的规章。

Article 53 In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall take, as references, regulations formulated and announced by ministries or commissions under the State Council in accordance with the law and administrative rules and regulations, decisions or orders of the State Council and regulations formulated and announced, in accordance with the law and administrative rules and regulations of the State Council, by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, of the cities where the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions are located, and of the larger cities approved as such by the State Council.

人民法院认为地方人民政府制定、发布的规章与国务院部、委制定、发布的规章不一致的，以及国务院部、委制定、发布的规章之间不一致的，由最高人民法院送请国务院作出解释或者裁决。

If a people's court considers regulations formulated and announced by a local people's government to be inconsistent with regulations formulated and announced by a ministry or commission under the State Council, or if it considers regulations formulated and announced by ministries or commissions under the State Council to be inconsistent with each other, the Supreme People's Court shall refer the matter to the State Council for interpretation or ruling.

第五十四条 人民法院经过审理，根据不同情况，分别作出以下判决：

Article 54 After hearing a case, a peopl

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