damage  n. 损害，毁坏  v. 损坏，损毁
[特征]
- The bad weather did a lot of damage to the crops.
坏天气使庄稼受到了很大损失。
- The flood damaged several buildings.
洪水使一些建筑受到了破坏。
[贴心叮咛]
damage是个很重要的词，它的基本用法和考点，同学们都要牢牢掌握。
[考点]
①damage作名词“损害”时是不可数名词；作可数名词时意为“损害赔偿费”。
- He was awarded $500 in damages by the court.
法院判给他损害赔偿费五百美元。
②表示“……的损失”不用damage of sth.，而用damage to sth.。
（误）The fire caused a lot of damage of the houses.
（正）The fire caused a lot of damage to the houses.
火灾造成房屋损毁严重。
③damage作不及物动词时，本身具有被动含义，不需要再用被动语态。
（误）Glass is damaged easily.
（正）Glass damages easily.
玻璃容易破损。
[备考必背]
①重要词组
damage one's health 损害健康     suffer damage from... 受到……的损害
do/cause a lot of damage to sth. 对……造成巨大损害
②辨析damage和harm
damage指车辆、房屋、庄稼等没有生命的物体受损或毁坏；harm常指对身心健康的损害、危害等，经常用do harm to sb. (=harm sb.)结构。
- The accident damaged his car.
车祸毁坏了他的汽车。
- Bad books do great harm to children.
坏书对孩子们的危害极大。

danger  n. ①危险 ②危险的人或物
[特征]
danger作“危险”讲时是不可数名词，作“危险的人或物”讲时是可数名词。
- All danger was over.
所有危险都已经过去了。
- That man is a danger to society.
那人对于社会是个危险人物。
[考点]
①danger通常和of引导的短语搭配，不能接不定式短语。
（误）I'm afraid there may be some danger to be misled.
（正）I'm afraid there may be some danger of being misled.
恐怕有被引入歧途的危险。
②重要词组
be in danger 处于危险之中（没有冠词the）  be out of danger 脱离危险
- The bridge is in danger of collapse.
桥要塌了。
- He is now out of danger.
他现在已经脱离危险了。
③派生词：dangerous  adj. 危险的
④辨析be in danger和dangerous
be in danger表示“（主语）处于危险之中”，而dangerous是指主语对别人有危害。
- She was ill and in danger.
她生病了，处于病危之中。
- The roof of the house has damaged. It is dangerous.
这房子的屋顶坏了，很危险。

dawn  n. 黎明，拂晓   vi. 破晓
[特征]
dawn指的是在早晨阳光刚刚出现的那段时间。
at dawn 在黎明时分
- The teacher works from dawn to dark.
那位老师从天亮工作到天黑。
- It dawns.
天亮了。

dead  adj.  死的；凋谢的 
- His uncle has been dead for 8 years.
他叔叔去世已经八年了。
- The dead were buried at the foot of the hill.
死者被埋在山脚下。
[贴心叮咛]
一定要把dead和同根词died,dying区别开。
[备考必背]
①辨析dead, died和dying
dead形容词，表示“死亡”这一状态，和一段时间连用时一定要用dead；died是die的过去式，die是“死亡”，是短暂性动词，不能和表示以短时间的状语连用；dying的意思是“要死的，垂死的”。
（误）His old brother has died for two years.
（正）His old brother has been dead for two years.
他哥哥去世已经两年了。
- Some soldiers died in battle.
一些士兵在战争中阵亡。
a dying bird 一只快死的鸟
②派生词：death  n. 死，死亡
- She was shocked by the sudden death of her father.
她被父亲的突然死亡震惊了。

debate  vt. 讨论，争论  n. 争论，辩论
[特征]
- He debated with his father about the question.
他和父亲就这个问题展开了辩论。
- After much debate he was chosen monitor of the class.
经过广泛的讨论，他被选为班长。
[备考必背] 重要词组
be under debate 在讨论中
- The new rules are under debate.
新规则正在讨论中。

declare  vt. 宣布；断言
[特征]
declare是一个正式用语，意思是“正式告知或通过官方使……为人所知”，即“宣布”；还指强调性地或权威式地“宣称，断言”。总之，declare含有经过考虑或通过一定程序后正式让别人知晓的意思。
- The prime minister declared his intention in his speech.
首相在讲话中声明了他的意图。
- He declared at the meeting that he supported me.
他在会上声明他支持我。
[备考必背]
①declare作“宣布”讲，含有“庄严”的意味，所以常接that从句作宾语。
- The Arab people declared that they would fight to the finish.
阿拉伯人民宣布，他们要战斗到底。
② declare不能接不定式短语作宾语。

deep  adj. 深的；深厚的；来自深处的   adv. 深深地
[特征]
- The river is six feet deep.
河水深6英尺。
- The boy read deep into the night.
这男孩读书一直到深夜。
[贴心叮咛]
deep既可以作形容词，也可作副词。它和deeply的辨析很重要。
[备考必背]
①deep既可以作表语，也可以作定语，如：
a deep sleep 沉睡    a deep voice 低沉的声音
②辨析副词deep和deeply
deep用于具体的深度，包括空间和时间，它不能修饰形容词和分词；deeply用于抽象、比喻意义，与表达情感的动词、形容词或过去分词连用时，常用deeply。
[练习与解答]
- He is             interested in English. He often works at it until                into the night.
A. deep; deeply  B. deep; deep  C. deeply; deep  D. deeply; deeply
答案：C
（他对英语非常感兴趣。他经常学习英语到深夜。如果你仔细阅读了上面关于deep和deeply的辨析就很清楚为什么选C了。）

defeat  vt. 击败，战胜；使破灭
[特征]
defeat是及物动词，可以直接跟宾语：defeat sb.（击败某人）。
- They defeated us in the game.
他们在比赛中赢了我们。
- The old granny's hopes were defeated.
老奶奶的希望破灭了。
[贴心叮咛]
英文中有几个单词都有“战胜，击败”的意思，但含义不同，要注意defeat，beat和conguer的区别。
[备考必背] 辨析defeat，beat和conguer
defeat的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输；beat则表示彻底“打败”，而且被打败者完全服输了；conguer更强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服者的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配。
- The public bet a lot of money on Tom, but he was defeated.
人们为汤姆下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。
- It was not until his third match that he finally beat Humphries.
直到他的第三次比赛，他才最终打败汉弗莱斯。
- Some countries may be defeated but can never be conguered.
有些国家可能被打败，但决不会被征服。

degree  n. ①度数，度 ②学位 ③地位，阶层
[特征]
a woman of high degree 一位社会地位高的妇女
- Water freezes at zero degree centigrade.
水灾灵摄氏度时结冰。
- After graduation he had the degree of Master.
毕业后他获得了硕士学位。
[备考必背]
①degree作“学位”讲时，a master's degree（硕士学位）和a bachelor's degre（学士学位）中的's都不能省略。
②某一学科的学位要用“a degree in +学科”，而不能用“a degree of + 学科”。
（误）a degree of social studies
（正）a degree in social studies
社会学学位
③重要词组：get/receive/take a master's degree 获得硕士学位

delay  v. ＆n. 耽搁，延迟
[特征]
- The football match was delayed three days because of bad weather.
糟糕的天气使足球比赛耽搁了三天。
- Please leave without delay.
请马上离开。
[贴心叮咛]
delay既可作动词，也可作名词，意思是一样的。它的用法很重要。
[备考必背]
①delay后面要接动名词，不能接不定式。
They delayed announcing the date.
他们迟迟没有公布日期。
②重要词组：without delay 及时地，没有耽误地
[练习与解答]
- John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been                by a heavy storm.[2004 辽宁]
A. kept  B. stopped  C. slowed  D. delayed
答案：D
（约翰没有及时赶上商业会议，因为飞机被暴风雨延误了。keep是“保持”；stop是“停止”；slow是“慢下来”；delay是“耽误，延迟”。）

[1] [2] [3] 下一页