难点21 多变的省略句

英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略，可分为以下几种情况：
1.省略主语，主谓语或主谓的一部分
2.不定式符号to的省略
3.不定式结构中动词的省略
4.状语从句中的省略
5.定语从句中关系词的省略
6.虚拟语气中if和should的省略
7.考查not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略

●难点磁场
1.(★★★★)John plays football________,if not better than,David.
A.as well B.as well as
C.so well D.so well as
2.(★★★★★)If you go to Xi’an ,you’ll find the places there more magnificent than commonly________.
A.supposing B.supposed
C.to suppose D.suppose
3.(★★★★)—What do you think made Mary so upset?
—________ her bicycle.
A.As she lost B.Lost
C.Losing D.Because of losing
4.(★★★★★)I thought her nice and honest________ I met her.
A.first time B.for the first time
C.the first time D.by the first time
5.(★★★★)Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has________IQ. (NMET 2002)
A.a high B.a higher
C.the higher D.the highest
6.(★★★★)—You should have thanked her before she left.
—I meant________,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
(2002年上海春季)
A.to do B.to
C.doing D.doing so

●案例探究
1.—Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
—________.
A.I don’t believe B.I don’t believe it
C.I believe not so D.I believe not
命题意图：此题考查not在宾语从句中的“替代性”省略。此题属四星级题。
知识依托：“so”可代替某些动词后的宾语从句，但绝不能用it或that。这些常用的动词有：believe,be afraid,expect,hope,imagine,suppose等。例：
—Is she going to the party tonight?
—I think so./I hope so.
其否定有两种：①动词用否定结构。
②用not代替so。
又如：—Do you think he will pass the exam?
—I don’t think so./I think not.前者更常用。
错解分析：A项应为I don’t believe so。
C项否定也应否定谓语。
解题方法与技巧：根据具体语言环境，正确运用表达观点的方法。
答案：D
2.________ for the free ticket,I would not have gone to the films so often.
A.If it is not B.Were it not
C.Had it not been D.If there were to
命题意图：旨在考查虚拟条件中if的省略。此题属五星级题。
知识依托：跟过去事实相反的虚拟条件句结构为If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+would/could/might do…当if省略时，将had提主句首，即
Had+主语+过去分词，主语+would/could/might do…
错解分析：A项不是虚拟语气结构。
B项是跟现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
D项是跟将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
解题方法与技巧：从题干的后一句话入手，可看出I would not have gone to…是跟过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，故答案为C。译为：要不是因为票是免费的，我也就不会经常去看电影了。
答案：C
3.—You ought to have given them some advice.
—________,but who cared what I asked?
A.So it was B.So I ought to have
C.So I did D.So I ought to
命题意图：考查ought to后作宾语的不定式的省略。此题属五星级题。
知识依托：ought to, want, hope等动词后可省略作宾语的不定式短语，但该宾语若是be动词或动词的完成时，则需在to后加be或have。
—Are you a soldier?
—No,but,wish to be(a soldier).
答案：B
4.The research is so designed that once________ nothing can be done to change it.
(NMET 2002)
A.begins B.having begun
C.beginning D.begun
命题意图：此题考查省略在状语从句中的应用。此题属四星级题。
知识依托：当主句的主语和状语从句主句一致（或从句主语为it),且从句中含be,可把从句的主语和be一起省略，例：
I wonder why he didn’t do as(he was) told to.
错解分析：A、B、C项都为主动，而research应是由人启动的，应用被动。
解题方法与技巧：此类词，应分清主、被动关系。
答案：D

●锦囊妙计
掌握好省略句，应注意以下几条：
1.感官动词或使役动词（如：notice,hear,let,make)等后接不定式作宾补时省略to,被动时to不能省略。
2.在prefer to do rather than…,cannot help but…do, nothing …but等句型中常省略to。
3.为避免重复，作某些动词（hope,want)等宾语或（tell,order,ask)的宾补时，省略不定式短语，只保留不定式符号to。
4.应注意状语从句、定语从句中的省略。
状语从句中，如果谓语含动词be,主语又与主句主语一致或主语是it,从句中主语和be一齐省略。
5.注意not ,so ,neither, nor的“替代性”省略。

●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★★)—Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken.
—Oh,I________.
A.hope not to B.hope not
C.hope not so D.don’t hope
2.(★★★★)If________ the same treatment again,he’s sure to get well.
A.giving B.give
C.given D.being given
3.(★★★★★)—Aren’t you the manager？
—No,and I________.
A.don’t want to B.don’t want to be
C.don’t want be D.don’t want
4.(★★★★)While________ for the bus,I met an old friend of mine.
A.waited B.waiting
C.wait D.to wait
5.(★★★★)I don’t like the way________ he speaks to his mother.
A.which B.in that
C.× D.on which
6.(★★★★)They had nothing to do but________.
A.to wait B.waiting
C.waited D.wait
7.(★★★★★)Children must be taught to act with good manners when________.
A.speaking to B.spoken to
C.are speaking D.spoken of
8.(★★★★)—Have you cleaned the room?
—No,but________.
A.I’m B.I am
C.I’m just going D.I’m just going to
9.(★★★★)—Do you mind my taking this seat?
—________.
A.Yes,sit down please B.No,of course not
C.Yes,take it please D.No,you can’t take it
10.(★★★★)________ green,the door might look more beautiful.
A.You painted B.If painted
C.To paint D.Have it painted
11.(★★★★)—Is the boy very sick?
—I’m afraid________.
A.it B.this C.so D.that
12.(★★★★)They knew her very well.They had seen him________ up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow
13.(★★★★)Rather than________ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ________ a bicycle.
A.ride;ride B.riding;ride
C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding
14.(★★★★★)________ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A.Were B.Should
C.Would D.Will
15.(★★★★★)Though________ money,his parents managed to send him to university.
A.lacked B.lacking of
C.lacking D.lacked in