语法系列复习专题二－代词
代词的分类
1.人称代词：有主格、宾格、所有格（含形容词性和名词性两种所有格）
2.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves
  themselves
3.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those
4.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what ,which
5.相互代词:each other ,one another
6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another,
   something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody
7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose，that ,which ,as

代词用法注意点
1.名词性所有格代词可作主语、宾语、表语，可用于双重所有格。例如：
  This isnt my book. Its his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend of yours ?/Do  
  you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost some pencils of hers.
2.反身代词可用于某些固定搭配。例如：
  ①(all)by oneself 自己单干，独立干：
    The boy usually finishes his homework by himself.
  ②of oneself 自动地，自行地：
    Mary will correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself.
  ③for oneself 替/为自己：You have to choose for yourself.
3.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；that/those 常指时间和
  空间上较远的人或物。
  进行比较时，that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复；those 可代替复数名词以
  免重复。例如：
  The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river./The Christmas cards are 
  much better than those you bought yesterday.
4.相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”，后者侧重三者或三
  者以上的“相互”，也可指两者之间的“相互”。
5.不定代词
①some多用于肯定句；any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。另外some可用于表示请求、
  提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词，表示“任何、无论哪一个”
  例如：
      If you have any ink ,please give me some.
      Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went to.
②all 与none
  all表示“三者或三者以上全部”，可以修饰可数、不可数名词。none用于表示对三个或
  三个以上的人或物的否定，意思是“没有什么人，没有什么东西”，可作主语和宾语。none
  of…后的谓语可以是单数或复数形式。none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头
  的疑问句。 
  例如：
      None of them have/has failed.
      —— How many books are there on the desk ? —— None.
  注意：no one (＝nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语，不可跟of短语连用，
  回答以who开头的问句，不能回答How many/much …开头的问句。
  例如：
      —— Who is in the room ? —— no one(＝Nobody).
      ——Is there any oil in the glass ? —— None.
③other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others
  other表示“没有范围的，其他的”，与名词复数连用。如：other books/boys/…
  another泛指很多中的“另一个”，可作代词或形容词用，代替或修饰单数可数名词。
  如：
    I dont like this hat ,please show me another.
  the other可作代词或形容词用，指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”，或另一方中的“全
  部其他的”。
  如：
    I have two sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker./I can see only 
    two teachers in the office.Where are the other teachers ?
  others泛指其他的人或物；the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。 
  例如：
      Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.
      Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.
④one作为不定代词，泛指“任何人”（包括说话人在内），还可用来代替上文出现过的可
  数名词（指人或物），并有复数形式ones。
  例如：
      I have bought a new bike.My old one doesnt work./One must do ones duty.
  注意：one ,that都可代替前面出现过的单数名词，但这样用时，one可被前置或后置
  定语修饰,that只能被后置定语修饰。
  例如：
      This book is the one that is needed by him.
      My seat is next to that of our teacher.
                          
代词考点分析

1.—— When shall we meet again ?
   —— Make it _____ day you like;its all the same to me.(96年高考题)
   A．one           B．any          C．some         D．another
析： 此题答案为B。若选A，one day意“过去/将来的某一天”；若选C,some day意“有朝一日”、“将来某一天”、“迟早”；若选D，another day意“改日”、“又/另一天”；选B，any day意“随便哪一天”、“无论哪一天”，显然它适合此题。
2.Im reading a new book these days ,_____ in English.
  A.it            B.that           C.one           D.which
析： 排除A选项it的原因是因为it前或后都不可放定语；若选B项that,则因其不能替代同一事物，也可排除；至于D项which，因其是定语从句引导词，在此明显不合用。只有C项one一方面它可有前置或后置定语，另一方面它可以替代前面出现的名词a book,故是正确答案。
3.There were two boys who called and I gave an apple to _____.
  A.every         B.all            C.either        D.each
析： 由题干内容可知有两个孩子在叫喊，故all（指三者或三者以上）不可选；every表“两者中任意的一个”，在此不符合情景之需要。只有D,each(两者中的每一个)填入空白才合题干内容。 
4.We dont know _____ of the visitors here;we only know some.
  A.everyone      B.every one      C.anybody       D.each one
析： 因为everyone ,everybody ,anybody等不定代词一般不带限定语（此处不能与of短语连用），故A、C选项可排除。若选D项，因not…each结构表全否定，与下句“we only know some”不合，故不能成立。只有选B时，not…every表半否定，与下句意相合。
5.Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _____.
  (上海题)
  A.the other     B.some other     C.others        D.those other
析： 根据in some ways（在某些方面），可知空白处要选表达复数意义的词，据此可排除A、B；又因为没有those other这样的词语，故可排除D。根据some常与others相呼应使用规律，可定C为正确答案。       
6.The question is too difficult and we found _____.
  A.it not easy to answer it         B.it was not easy for us to answer it
  C.its not easy to answer           D.it not easy to answer
析： 根据时态一致规律，we found后不可跟C选项；要表达“那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时，应说The question is not easy to answer.要表达“我们发现那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时，应说We found the question (was)not easy to answer.据此可排除A、B选项；只有D才是唯一正确选项。
7.The hairdresser now cuts _____ mens and womens hair.
  A.any            B.each          C.both           D.either
析： 根据题干mens and womens hair ,可知应选与两者有关的代词，于是立即可排除A。由于each 和either不可直接修饰复数名词或复数名词所有格（应说each of …,either of…）,故又可排除B、D选项。只有both才能与其后的and构成both…and…结构。故正确答案是C。

8.——Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end ?
  ——If you keep still ,you can sit at _____end.   (NMET)
  A.neither        B.each          C.either         D.any
析： 一条船只有两头，any是指三者或三者以上，在此不合用。neither是“两者都不”，填入空白处意思不对；each意“两者或三者，三者以上每个人都…”，若填入此题空白，不合语境，因为一个人不能同时坐船的两头。只有选either(两者之一)才合此题情景。
9.——Have you finished your report yet ?
  ——No ,Ill finish in _____ ten minutes.    (NMET)
  A.less           B.more           C.other         D.another
析： less后可直接跟形容词、副词、名词，象ten minutes这样的“数词＋名词”短语则不可直接放于less之后，只能放于less than之后，因此A项可排除。“再过/再用十分钟”可以说in ten more minutes ,ten minutes more ,another ten minutes ,据此可排除B项。至于other一词，因它不能表达“再、又”意，故也可排除。因此D为正确答案。
10.Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.   (NMET)
   A.any          B.any other       C.other         D.another
析： 此题是加拿大与亚洲国家相比，无需other或another ,else这类词，故B、C、D应排除。因为any（任何）后可跟单数名词或复数名词，填入空白意思也合语境，所以A是正确答案。

                            代词专练

    1.—— Which of the two dictionaries will you borrow ?
     —— Ill borrow _____ ,for the different uses.
      A.all          B.both         C.either         D.neither
    2._____ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
      A.Each         B.Any          C.No one         D.None
    3.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had _____ money on us.
      A.all ;no      B.any ;no      C.none ;any      D.no one ;any
    4.They were all very tired ,but _____ of them would stop to take a rest.
      A.neither      B.none         C.some           D.any
    5.There is a No.2 trolleybus and a No.24 bus ;_____ will take you there.
      A.both         B.either       C.all            D.any
    6.As we were asleep ,_____ of us heard the sound.
      A.both         B.none         C.either         D.any
    7.—— Which of the five may I use ?
     —— Oh ,____.
      A.any one      B.anyone       C.anything       D.nothing
    8.——Are the two answers correct ?
      ——No ,_____ correct.
      A.no one is    B.both are not C.neither is     D.either is not
    9.I asked him for some oil ,but he hadnt _____.
      A.any          B.some         C.no             D.anything
    10.You have three English dictionaries ,but I have only two _____.
      A.ones         B.不填         C.the one        D.the ones
    11.I have a colour TV set.I want to sell ____.
      A.one          B.the one      C.that           D.it
    12.This film is not so good as _____ we saw last week.
      A.that         B.it           C.the one        D.one
    13._____ of us must go there and help him out.
      A.One or other                 B.One by one
      C.One or the other             D.One or another
    14.We all felt _____ to be the highest praise.
      A.it           B.that         C.that one       D.the one
    15.Havent you read _____ English storices ?Please tell us an interesting one.
      A.any          B.all          C.either         D.some
    16.—— Would you like _____ dumplings ?
       —— No,thanks.
      A.some         B.another       C.any           D.all
    17.If there is _____ chance ,I will try another.
      A.one          B.any           C.some          D.all
    18.—— Are _____ here to take the college entrance exam ?
       —— Yes ,we _____.
      A.all you ;are all             B.you all ;all are
      C.all of you ;are all          D.you of all ;all are
    19.Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already
    taken them.
      A.one          B.the ones        C.some         D.the others
    20.—— Have you ever seen a snake alive ?
       —— Yes ,Ive seen _____.
      A.that         B.so              C.one          D.it
    21.—— Lily ,do you have an umbrella ?It is raining outside.
       —— Yes ,but its _____.
      A.small one    B.small umbrella  C.only a small one  D.that one     
    22.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work hard ,but _____ didnt help.
      A.this         B.which           C.any          D.it
    23.—— Have you got _____ red ink ?
       —— Sorry ,I havent got _____.
      A.some ;some   B.any ;many       C.some ;any    D.any ;some
    24.I prefer a street in a small town to _____ in such a large city as Shanghai.
      A.that         B.it              C.this         D.one
    25.Sarad has read a lot of stories by American writers.Now she would like to
    read _____ stories by writers from _____ countries.    
      A.some ;any    B.other ;some     C.some ;other  D.other ;other
    26.—— Is _____ here ?
       —— No ,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
      A.anybody      B.somebody        C.everybody    D.nobody
    27.Our headmaster advised us that in order to succeed in life ,one has to be
    honest with _____ friends.
      A.their        B.her             C.ones         D.our 
    28.I borrowed some books _____ myself ,but when I was going to read them ,the
    lamp went out _____ itself and I had to sit in the dark _____ myself.
      A.不填;for;by  B.by;for;of       C.for;of;by    D.of;不填；by
    29.When I first saw the old farmer ,I could hardly imagine _____ invented the
    machine to pick cotton.
      A.himself      B.he himself      C.he for himself D.he by himself
    30.It is impossible for all the people to get the job ,because _____ of them
    are not fit for it.
      A.all of       B.none of         C.each of      D.every one of

代词专练答案

1－5    B D C B B          6－10  B A C A B
11－15  D C A B D          16－20 A B B B C
21－25  C D C D C          26－30 C C C B A