语法系列复习专题五－介词、连接词

介    词
    学习介词用法除要掌握一般常规用法外,还须注意一些特殊用法,固定搭配等。
一、表示时间介词注意点：
  1．in＋一段时间＝in＋一段时间s time(与将来时连用)
                    in three days
                    in three days time
        within＋一段时间（用于各种时态）
    如：You must finish reading the book within a week.你必须在一周内读完这本书。
  2．on Christmas Day在圣诞节；at Christmas在圣诞节的几天中
  3．up to now＝until now, from morning till night, for the time being暂时，
     at times有时，day by day一天天地，in no time立刻。
  4．during是介词，不能引导从句。

二、注意一些表示地点场所介词短语的引伸、比喻含义
    in the mud在泥中，beyond hope绝望, in freezing在严寒天气中，in danger在危
    险中，in trouble在困境中，in public在公共场合中，under construction在建设
    中，on business出差，in the same boat处境一样，on sale在出售

三、表示方式、手段、工具等介词（by,with,on,in）
  1.by: The blind men thought they could learn what the elephant looked like by
    touching it./ make a living by teaching/ by hand手工地，靠手工地，by letter,
    by post, by electricity, learn sth. by heart, struck by the beauty因美丽         
    而着迷  He was paid by the hour/ the day/ month/…他按时/日/月/…被付给工钱。
    by plane/ train/ ship/ air/ water/ sea/…,  by means of用…手段，方式；by
    way of经由，取道于…  learn English by/ over/ through/ on the radio
  2.on: live on food, kneel on ones knees, lie/ sleep on ones back / side / face
    仰/侧/俯卧（睡）
  3.in: in English, in ink, in silence, in one voice异口同声地，in a hurry匆忙
    地，in surprise惊讶地
  4．with: write with a pen, work with ones hands, smell with ones nose, beat the
     horse with a whip(鞭子)

四、相近介词（短语）辨析
  1.  on“关于”，学术性强：a lecture on computer
      about“关于”，知识性或随便谈论：a discussion about the plan
  2. go/come/walk/run后只能用into, put/sit down/throw/jump/fall后可用in/into
  3.  over在…正上方，under在…正下方
      above在…上面（不一定垂直上方），below在…下面
  4.  in an hour一小时后，用于将来时
      after an hour一小时后，用于过去时
  5.  beside在…旁边
      besides除…之外（还有）
      except除…之外
      except for除（非同类事物）之外
  6.  on/in the street
      at 50 Dongfeng Road  在东风路50号
  7.  a hole in the wall
      a picture on the wall
      a piece of news in the newspaper
      the words in the envelop
      the monkey in the tree
      the apples on the tree(树上的苹果。表示长在树“上”的果实要用介词“on”)
  8.  the tallest boy of(in) the class/school/…(象class这类群体单位名词前可用
                                                 of或in)
      the tallest(boy) of the ten boys(象boys这类非群体名词前，只能用of)
  9.  with the help / the permission of…  在… 帮助/允诺下
      under the leadership / the care of…  在…领导/关心下
 10.  be familiar with sb./sth. 熟悉某人/某物
      be familiar to sb. …为某人所熟悉
 11.  be absent from meeting/class开会/上课缺席
      be sbsent in sp. 不在某处
 12.  be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
be strict in sth. 严格对待某事

 13.  Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部(在中国境内)
      Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。
      Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东部（不接壤）。
 14.  at least 至少
      in the least 丝毫，一点
 15.  in the air 空中，在流传
      on the air播出
 16.  shout to 呼喊，向…喊
      shout at对…吼，责骂
 17.  in the way挡路，障碍，妨碍
      in a way在某点上，在某种程度上
      by the way顺便问一下
      on ones way(to) 在…路上
 18.  at the corner在拐角处（外角）
      in the corner在拐角里，在角落里（内角）
      on the corner在角落上（外角）
 19.  on fire着火，失火
      on the fire在火上
      at the fire在炉边
 20.  in the end＝at last＝finally
      by the end of到…末止
      at the end of在…结束时，在…末端，at the end最后。
 21.  after a time＝after some time过一段时间后
      behind time迟到，过期
      ahead of time提前，超前
      sometime某时
      some time某段时间，某一时期
      sometimes有时
      at a time＝each time每次
      at one time＝once曾经
22.   for a moment＝for a while/minute一会儿
      for the moment暂时
      in a moment立刻
      at the moment当时
      the moment/minute/second/instance…＝as soon as  一…就
 23.  be tired of…  讨厌 …
      be tired with…  因…而疲倦
 24.  be popular with sb. 受某人的欢迎
      be popular for因…而流行
      be popular in sp. 在某处流行
 25.  be pleased with＋名词/what从句   对…满意
      be pleased at＋抽象名词    听/看到…而高兴
 26.  be known to sb.为某人所知
      be known as  作为…而出名，被叫作…
      be known for因…而出名
 27.  be busy with sth.忙于某事
      be busy(in) doing sth.忙着做某事
 28.  be late for…迟于参加（某项活动）： She was late for supper.她吃晚饭去迟了。
      be late with…某事办迟了： She was late with the supper.她晚饭烧迟了。

介词考点分析
  1．My uncle lives______ 105 Beijing street. (NMET)
     A.on       B.at        C.to       D.of
  析：门牌号码前要用at。
  2．He slept well_______all the windows open. (NMET)
     A.when     B.while     C.with      D.because
  析：A、B、D都是连词，其后应接句子(与slept相应，open应为opened)故都不合此题。
      with all the windows open是“with＋名词＋形容词”独立结构,在此作方式状语。
      故答案为C。
  3．We offered him our congratulations_________his passing the college entrance
     exams.(NMET)
     A.at        B.of         C.for       D.on
  析：congratulate sb. on sth.对某人的某事表示祝贺，这是固定说法；offer/express
      congratulations on sth./doing sth.对某事/做某事表示祝贺。在这一结构中也用
      on。故此题答案是D。
  4．If you keep on, youll succeed_____. (NMET)
     A.in time     B.at one time      C.at the same time      D.on time
  析：四个选项中in time有“终究”。“迟早”意，在此合用，故此题答案为A。
  5．Great men never give up_______difficulty. (NMET)
     A.in face of the           B.when facing with
     C.in the face of           D.when facing by
  析：in face of＝in the face of表“面对”意。此题是“面对任何困难”意，为泛指，
      并非特指，所以答案为C。
  6．The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station ______ 5:40 p.m.at
     the latest. (NMET)
     A.until       B.after       C.by       D.around
  析：by可表“不迟于(＝no later than)”意。until与 I have to be at the station
      连用，要以“not…until”形式出现，故在此不合；after在此也不合；around表
     “大约”意，太笼统了。故此题答案应为C。

连  接  词
一、连词分类：
  1．并列连词：是指连接对等的词、词组和句子，而不是连接主句与从句 的连词，如：
     and, both…and, neither…nor, not only…but also, as well as, but, however,
     while(而), still, yet, or, either…or, otherwise, so, for, therefore, thus
     等。
  2．从属连词：指连接主句与从句的连词，如：that, whether, if, before, after, as ,
     as soon as, once, since, ever since, till, until, when, whenever, while,
     because, since, now that, so…that(既然), such…that, so that, in order that,
     as if,as thouth,though, although, even though, no matter who/whoever/…，
     unless, as/so long as, in case(以防)等。

二、使用连词注意点：
  1．for是并列连词，它所引出的理由是一种补充说明，语气很弱。它所引导的分句几乎
     可以放在括号里。其引导的分句不能放在句首。
     例如：He might have gone to bed, for the light went out.
  2．though和although引导从句时主句前不能用but。例如下面句子是错误的：
     Although/Though he was ill, but he went to school.(改正的方法是将but去掉，
     或将although, though去掉)。
  3．because，as引导原因状语从句时，主句前不能用so。例如下面句子是错的：As /
     Because there are no classes tomorrow，so they will go on a picnic.（改正
     的方法是去掉as, because或去掉so。）
  4．当because用来解释或说明某一动作时，不能用for来代替。Why开头的问句要用
     because开头引出原因，而不能用for开头引出原因。
连词考点分析
  1．She thought I was talking about her daughter,______in fact I was talking about
     my daughter.(NMET)
     A.whom       B.where       C.which      D.while
  析：空白处需填一个表示转折对比的连词，while可表“而”、“却”意，故答案为D。
  2．He hasnt yet arrived. He may,______, come later.
     A.but      B.though      C.or       D.however
  析：从空白处看，前后都有逗号，however适合填入，又因however意“然而”，“但是”，
      填入空白处后，前后两句意思连贯，故D为正确选项
  3．— I dont like fish______ chicken.
     — I dont like fish______ I like chicken very much.
     A.and; and    B.and; but     C.or; but      D.or; and
  析：观察第一句，谓语为否定式，其空白处应该用or来连接并列事物，故可排除A、B。
      观察第二句，显然空白处需用一个转折连词，故答案为C。
  4．Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths and,_____ ,it is
     our duty to master it.(上海高考题)
     A.altogether     B.therefore      C.otherwise      D.however
  析：从上下文看，前后为因果关系，故应选B。
  5．Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially______ Father was
     away in France.(NMET)
     A.as             B.that            C.during        D.if
  析：首先可排除C。因为during是介词，不能引导从句。that和if虽然可以引导从句，
      但不能表述Mother was worried的原因。故只能选A。
  6．______ you dont like him is none of my business.(上海高考题)
     A.What      B.Who       C.That       D.Whether
  析：从题干看，需要空白处填一词引出you dont like him这样一个事实，显然只有选
      C.That合适。
  7．The day breaks______ the birds are singing.
     A.because    B.as      C.since       D.for
  析：若选A、B、C，则The day breaks(天亮)的原因就是the birds are singing(鸟叫)，
      显然这是不成理的，只有for引出的句子作为一种附加说明才成立。

介词、连词专练
 1．—The place isnt too bad, is it?
    —______ its a bit too crowded.
    A.No, but      B.Yes, though     C.No, because     D.Yes, yet
 2．Five minutes earlier,_____ we could have caught the last train.
    A.but          B.and             C.so              D.or
 3．They may go to London, but they are not certain______.
    A.still        B.yet             C.already         D.however
 4．This word may be used both as a noun_____as a verb.
    A.as well as   B.nor             C.and             D.or
 5．I have read one of his plays______a lot of his poems.
    A.but          B.while           C.as well as      D.as well
 6．We cant see air, ______,it does exist.
    A.and          B.but             C.however         D.still
 7．Do what you have been told,____ you will be punished.
    A.and          B.but             C.or              D.after all
 8．She was ill,_____she cant come.
    A.for          B.therefore       C.but             D.or
 9．—I thought he hated TV.
    —You are right,_____he still watches the program.
    A.besides      B.also            C.then            D.yet
10．_____you are dismissed.
    A.Either you go or         B.Whether you go or
    C.Both you go and          D.Not only you go but also
11．It is strange, ______ it is true.
    A.if           B.or              C.so              D.and
12．I asked her to stay for tea,_____ I had something to tell her.
    A.but          B.for             C.or              D.and
13．I remember_____ this used to he a quiet village. (NMET)
    A.when         B.how             C.where           D.what
14．It will be hours______ she comes back.
    A.before       B.since           C.after           D.by
15．I had no idea about it______ he told me.
    A.until        B.there           C.that            D.where
16．Air to us is _____ water to fish.
    A.what         B.that            C.which           D.of which
17．When you read the book, youd better make a mark____ you have questions.
    A.where        B.at which        C.at where        D.the place where
18．I had no idea where he had been_____ he told me.
    A.when         B.until           C.except          D.because
19．_____,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. (NMET)
    A.However late is he       B.However he is late
    C.However                  D.However late he is
20．It worried her a bit_____ her hair was turning gray. (NMET)
    A.while       B.that         C.if        D.for
21．I dont doubt_____ he can pass the entrance examination.
    A.whether     B.when         C.that      D.how
22．Never believe anything____ any other person has believed it.Use your own mind.
    A.that        B.when         C.because   D.nor
23．Dont stop_____you meet with a word you dont understand.
    A.at that time      B.each time      C.sometimes      D.before
24．Take an umbrella______ it rains.
    A.in case     B.in any case  C.because    D.for
25．_____the teacher found goodness, he praised it.
    A.Wherever    B.However      C.As         D.Because
26．I saw a stranger______ a distance of ten yards.
    A.at          B.in           C.by         D.to
27．She went to Shanghai______ way of Nanjing.
    A.by          B.on           C.in         D.to
28．Mr.Smith set out_____ USA last week.
    A.about       B.in           C.to         D.for
29．______the leadership of the Party,we should not have succeeded.
    A.Under       B.With         C.Having not D.But for
30．Its well-known______ all of us that Taiwan belongs_______ China.
    A.by; to      B.to; to       C.for; to    D.to; of
31．_____what age do children begin to go to school?
    A.Of          B.From         C.For        D.At
32．My aunt came back______ three days.
    A.after       B.in           C.around     D.about
33．What did people say______ me?
    A.with         B.by           C.forward    D.of
34．In this company we are paid______the month.
    A.on          B.at           C.by         D.for
35．Students who live in crowded homes find it difficult to study_____comfort.
    A.in          B.for          C.from       D.without
36．She looks quite young______her age.
    A.at          B.of           C.by         D.for
37．The car went_____the direction of the post office.
    A.to          B.in           C.by         D.for
38．Children are often named_______ their parents.
    A.after       B.with         C.on         D.for
39．－Lets go home.
    －Ok. Im getting tired______ shopping.
    A.with        B.at           C.about      D.of
40．Kates little brother kicked the ball to the river, she took great trouble to   
    get it _____ the water.
    A.on          B.over         C.from on    D.from over
41．We are still one mile_____ the destination (目的地).
    A.in need      B.out of      C.outside      D.short of
42．She worked______ science_______ her life.
    A.on; throughout        B.at; of      
    C.for; for              D.out; in
43．The boy is quick______ understanding.
    A.of      B.about        C.to        D.over
44．The field was full______ sheep feeding____the new grass.
    A.with; on     B.of; in      C.with; in      D.of; on
45．You unlock the door______ turning the key_____ right.
    A.by; to       B.by; on      C.in; on        D.in; to
46．We stopped _____ London_____ the way_____ New York.
    A.in; or; to   B.at; on; of  C.at; on; to    D.at; to; of
47．In some countries children normally go to school______bikes.
    A.onto         B.on          C.by            D.in
48．He was listened______ great interest.
    A.to           B.to with     C.with          D.in
49．Considered______a building material, wood is very strong.
    A.for          B.upon        C.on            D.as
50．The mountains look grey_______ the blue sky.
    A.against      B.over        C.under         D.for
 
介词、连词专练答案

1－5   A  B  B  C  C             6－10  C  C  B  D  A
11－15 D  B  A  A  A            16－20  B  A  B  D  B
21－25 C  C  B  A  A            26－30  A  A  D  D  B
31－35 D  A  D  C  A            36－40  D  B  A  D  C
41－45 D  A  A  D  A            46－50  C  B  B  D  A