Unit 8 Learning a foreign language
Words and expressions
motivation n. the act or process of motivating; something that motivates动机；刺激
memorize vt. learn every word exactly 记住；熟记；背
In the meantime, consult dictionaries, memorize grammatical rules.
读书时，要查词典，记语法规则。
dictation n.[u] the act of dictating 听写
The pupils wrote at their teacher's dictation. 教师口授，学生听写。
n.[u] the act of giving orders; something commanded 命令；指示
I did it at my father's dictation. 我遵照父亲的话去做。
correction n.[u] the act of correcting 改正；修改
These papers are in need of correction. 这些卷子需要批改。
phonetic adj. representing or connected with the sounds made with the voice 表示发音的；语音(学)的
Each new word in this dictionary has phonetic symbols after it to show you how to say the word.
这部词典里，每个新单词后都有音标，告诉你如何发音。
alphabet n. the letters of the English language from A to Z字母表
There are twenty-six letters in the English alphabet. 英语字母有二十六个。
stick v. become fixed or fastened; not be able to move 卡住；阻塞；使停止
（stuck; stuck）
He (was) stuck in the mud and couldn't move. 他陷在泥里，动弹不得。
v. protrude from, stand out from; or cause something to protrude from something 伸出；突出 Don't stick your head out of the window. 不要把头伸出窗外。
v. fix or fasten one thing to another thing with glue, etc. 粘贴；张贴
She stuck a stamp on to the envelope. 她在信封上贴上邮票。
make progress get better slowly 取得进步
He made no progress in learning to write. 他在学习写作方面没有进步。
effective adj. giving an effect working well 有效的
The new law has been very effective. 新的法律很有效。
acquirevt. to get by one's own efforts 取得；获得；学得
She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study. 她认真学习而精通英语。
acquisition n. the act of acquiring; something acquired获/取/学得；获得物
This motor-scooter is my latest acquisition. 这辆摩托车是我最新购置的。
make sense of understand 弄懂；明白
We read it through, but could not make sense of it. 我们看了一遍，但不明白它说些什么。
in other words saying the same thing in another way 也就是说；换句话说
Joe doesn't like work -- in other words, he's lazy! 乔不爱劳动——换句话说，他懒惰！
awful adj. causing fear; terrible 恐惧的；可怕的
An awful accident has happened. 一件可怕的事故发生了。
adj. very great; ugly 非常；极为
The room is in an awful mess. 屋子乱七八糟。
instruct vt. to teach, to give information to 教；指导
My uncle instructs people how to drive cars. 我叔叔教别人开汽车。
vt. tell someone what he must do 指示；告诉
The teacher instructed the class to prepare for a test. 教师通知这一班学生准备测验。
efficient adj. work well and quickly 效率高的
He was efficient in his work. 他工作效率高。
data n. factual information; numerical or other information represented in a form suitable for processing by computer资料；数据 (datum 单数形式)
academic adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of a school, especially one of higher learning; based on formal education 学校的；学院的；学术的
n.[c] one who is a member of an institution of higher learning; a person who has an academic viewpoint or a scholarly background 大学生；大学教师；学究
comprehension n. the act or power of understanding理解（力）
Algebra is beyond the comprehension of lower-class pupils.代数是低年级学生所无法理解的。
anxious adj. afraid and worried 忧虑的；担心的；焦急的
John is very anxious about his exams. 约翰非常担心他的考试。
adj. wanting something very much 渴望的；焦盼的
He is anxious for her news. 他渴望知道她的消息。
secure adj. free from danger or attack; free from fear, anxiety, or doubt 安全的；安心的
I don't feel secure when I am alone in the house. 我一个人在家时感到不安全。
adj. assured; certain 确信的；一定的：
With three goals in the first period they had a secure victory, but somehow they lost.
在第一节他们进了三球，原以为准赢无误，孰料最后还是输了。
take a risk do something although there is a chance of danger, loss, etc. 冒险
I don't want to run (take) the risk of losing it. 我不想冒着失掉它的危险。
experiment with to conduct an experiment; to try something new 进行试/实验
They experimented with new methods of teaching and succeeded.
他们试验新的教学方法,获得了成功。
translator n. one that translates翻译家；译者（指笔译）
interpreter n. someone who can interpret 口译者；译员
Maria was my interpreter. 玛丽亚是我的翻译。
everyday adj. done or happening each day 每日的；日常的
I learn everyday English. 我学习常用英语。
patience n.[u] being calm when you are waiting or when you have trouble, problems, etc. 耐心；忍耐
The job needs a lot of patience. 这种工作需要极大的耐心。
adopt vt. take the child of another person into your family to become your own child 收养
Mr. and Mrs. Williams adopted a child whose parents were dead.
威廉斯先生和夫人收养了一个父母双亡的孩子。
vt. take and use; take over 采纳；采用
The government decided to adopt the plan. 政府决定采纳这个计划。
pile n. a lot of things lying one upon another; heap 堆
The pile of magazines should be picked up. 应该把那一堆杂志拾起来。
n. a large amount 大量；大数目；大堆
We have a pile of/piles of homework to do. 我们有许多作业要作。
easygoing adj. living without undue worry or concern; relaxed or informal in attitude or standards 悠闲的；随遇而安的；宽大的
Our manager's an easygoing person; she never gets angry.
我们的经理是个随和的人,她从不发怒。
PLA (=People’s Liberation Army) 中国人民解放军
tyre n. rubber ring, full of air, that fits round the wheel of a motorcar, bicycle, etc.轮胎
I have a flat tyre----it needs some air in it. 我的车胎瘪了——需要打气。
overweight adj. too heavy 超重的
He eats too much and is quite overweight. 他吃得太多，因此身体太重。
teens n. the ages from 13 to 19 十三岁到十九岁的年龄；青少年
boys in their teens 少男；十三到十九岁的男孩
put an end to v. stop sth. happening 结束；终止
Let's put an end to smoking. 让我们停止吸烟吧！
operation n.[c] the act of a surgeon who cuts the body of a patient（外科）手术
He has to have an operation to undergo at once. 他不得不马上动手术。
n.[u] working, the way something works 工作；运转
The machine came into operation. 机器开始运转了。
knock down strike to the ground with a blow, etc; shoot down 击倒；撞倒
I was almost knocked down by a motorcar. 我差点被一辆汽车撞倒。
level n. surface parallel with horizon; such a surface with reference to its height 平面；水平面
The river level rose after the rain. 雨后河里的水面升高了。
n. how high something is 高度；级别；水平
We are working hard to catch up with the advanced world levels.
我们正在努力工作，以赶上世界先进水平。
junior adj. the younger; of lower rank or position年少的；等级较低的
He is three years junior to me. 他比我小三岁。
After graduation from a junior middle school, he entered a senior middle school.
他初中毕业后进入高中。
n. a younger person 年少者；晚辈
She is my junior by seven years. 她比我小七岁。
I am his junior in life. 我是她的晚辈。
senior adj. older 年长的
I am five years senior to him. 我比他大五岁。
adj. more advanced in education 较高年级的
He studies in a senior middle school. 他念高中。
n. an older person 年长者
Paul is my senior by two years. 保罗长我两岁。
n. a person of longer service, higher rank 上司；前辈
He was my senior. 他过去是我的上级。
ie [,aI`i:] (=that is to say, in other words) 也就是
option n.[u] right or power of choosing 选择权；选择
You must do it; you have no option. 你必须做这件事，你没有选择的余地。
n.[c] thing that is or may be chosen 选择物
None of the options is satisfactory. 所选之物无一令人满意。
broadenv. to make or become broad or broader.（使）变宽，（使）扩大
For college students to do a part-time job will broaden their outlook.
打工使大学生开阔了眼界。
fall behind not keep up; be left as in a race 赶不上；落后
Several of the runners fell behind in the race. 有几个赛跑者在比赛中落后了。
association n. an organized body of people who have an interest, an activity, or a purpose in common; a society 协会；社团
According to the American Automobile Association, since 1964 all cars sold in the United States have been equipped with seat belts.
根据美国汽车协会的资料,自从一九六四年以来在美国出售的所有汽车都装有保险带。
appropriate adj. right 适合的；适当的
Choose the appropriate words from the list below. 从下表中选择适当的词。
postcode n. 邮政编码
proficiencyn. the state or quality of being proficient; competence 熟练；精通
attain proficiency in spoken English 精通英语会话

Fast reading
1 What is the most puzzling question in learning our mother tongue?
2 If we develop our study skills and way of learning, is learning foreign language twice as hard or as easy?
Careful reading
Main idea of each paragraph .
1. The environmental factor of learning mother tongue.
2. Different opinions of language experts.
3. The difference between learning mother and learning a foreign language.
4. The characteristics of successful language learners.
5.Different learning ways of successful language learners
6. The importance of the purpose of learning.
The purpose of writing the passage to tell us that learning a foreign language
does not have to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue

Tell the sentences true or false
1 Although experts don’t agree each other, they all share a common opinion :Life is a very successful language school. T
2 We study our mother tongue all day long for about 5 years before we master it. But we only spend a few hours a week and in a few years’ time we can speak a foreign language. T
3.Successful language learners usually step away from the academic challenges. F
4The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the worse their language acquisition.F

Choose the best answers
1.Most children have mastered their mother tongue . 答案：C
A. at the age of five B. by the age of eight C. before they are five D. since they were five
2.Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except . 答案：A
A. the ability to memorize the words B. an interest in understanding their own thinking
C. willingness to take chances D. confidence in their ability
3.The best option for the exchange students is . 答案：A
A. living with local people B. living in the dormitory
C. choosing exchange programmes at various academic levels at a reasonable cost
D. making friends with the other students
4.The disadvantage of studying abroad is . 答案：B
A. language and culture B. cost and safety C. custom and culture D. exchange programme
5.Visiting students do the following things except . 答案：C
A. staying in the host family’s house B. eating in the host family’s house
C. becoming a member of the family D. keeping in touch with the host family afterwards
6.Before going out to study in a foreign country,you should not . 答案：C
A. care much about the money that may cost you B. collect as much information as possible
C. plan a long course to study D. discuss every detail with your family
7.The sentence “Life is a very successful language school” means . 答案：B
A. we are equipped with a special ability to learn language
B. the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around us
C. parents can give children language lessons
D. people can learn the language by themselves
8.What makes it easier to study abroad nowadays? 答案：D
A. The cost has become reasonable. B. There are programmes for all levels.
C. Students can find “home-stay” service and live with the host family.
D. All the above.
9.The greatest value of an exchange student studying abroad is . 答案：C
A. to learn the language B. to widen one’s views and understand the culture of other country
C. to get better idea of yourself and your own culture D. to learn to be independent of oneself
10.What’s the purpose of writing this article? 答案：C
A. Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
B. Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue.
C. Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.
D. In fact,the number of people learning a foreign language has increased with years.
Decide which language ( mother tongue or foreign language) each of the sentences below
A We learn quite fast. F
B We are not taught but learn anyway. M
C Some people think that we are born with an ability to learn this. M
D We can learn faster if we develop study skills. F
E Most people have mastered this by the age of five. M
F We learn this in a special place where we can get help. F
G It takes longer to learn this. M
H We Learn this by communicating with others. M
Main idea of each paragraph .
1. The environmental factor of learning mother tongue.
2. Different opinions of language experts.
3. The difference between learning mother and learning a foreign language.
4. The characteristics of successful language learners.
5.Different learning ways of successful language learners
6. The importance of the purpose of learning.
The purpose of writing the passage to tell us that learning a foreign language does not have to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
Integrating Skills
What is the best way to learn a language ? Why ?
I think the best way to do this is to go to a country where the language is spoken.
We can use the language at any places at any time . It’s good for language learning.
2. Is it possible for you to study abroad ? Yes, it is.
3. What should you do before you go abroad?
We should find out as much as possible about different programmes, including the cost and length of our stay.
4. Can you list the advantages and the disadvantages of studying abroad ?
Advantages of studying abroad
1). become fluent in the new language
2). make friends with people from different background.
3). Understand another culture
4). broaden your horizons and improve your understanding of the world
5). learn about yourself and what your culture is really like
6). learn to depend on yourself
Disadvantages of studying abroad
1). Some of them may fall behind in their studies when studying abroad.
2).They may not be able to take classes at the same level as at home.
3). Parents worry about the safety of their children and may also be concerned about the cost.
Choose the main idea of each paragraph
Para. 1 It is possible for a student of any level to study a foreign language in a country where the language is spoken.
Para. 2 Advantages of studying abroad.
Para. 3 disadvantages of studying abroad.
Para.4 What should you do in order studying abroad ?

语法: 虚拟语气
本单元及下一单元的语法重点是复习虚拟语气。本单元归纳虚拟语气在条件句中的应用。
虚拟语气在if条件旬中的应用
1．三种形式
┃示 例 ┃ 条件从句的动词 ┃ 结果主句的动词 ┃
┃ 动词的过去式(be动 ┃would／could／should／
┃ If I had time, I would attend your party．
┃与现在事实相反 ┃条件从句的动词一律用were) ┃might+动词原形 ┃You didn’t let me drive．If we had driven in turn，you┃would／could／should／
┃与过去事实相反 ┃had+过去分词 t have got so tired． ┃
┃ ┃动词的过去式，should ┃ ┃
┃与将来事实相反 ┃+动词原形，were to ┃would／could／might／ ┃should+动词原形 ┃／should snow tomorrow， ┃ ┃If it snowed／were to snow, we would take photos．
2．条件句中有were，had，should时，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。
[举例](1)Were it necessary，I might resign．如果需要的话，我可以辞职。
(2)Had you informed me earlier，1 wouldn’t have signed the contract．
要是你早点告诉我的话，我是不会签那份合同的。
(3)Should I have time，I would call on her．我要是有时间就去看她。
(4)Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge．如果明天下雨，我们就得推迟参观杨浦大桥。
3．错综时间条件句
在这种条件句中，虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。
[举例](1)If 1 were you，1 wouldn’t have missed the film last night．
如果我是你，就不会错过昨晚那部电影。(现在——过去)
(2)If they had started in the early morning，they would arrive in half an hour．要是他们一大早就出发的话，再过半个小时就该到了。(过去——将来)
(3)If you had asked him when you saw him last time，you would know what to do now．如果上次你看到他时问他一下，现在就知道该怎么做了。(过去——现在)
4．含蓄条件句
有些句子中，没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气。这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中。
[举例](1)1 would do anything for her．(=if I could)我会为她做一切。
(2)We would have made a lot of money．(But we have gave up halfway．)我们本来能挣到很多钱。
(3)Without electricity life would be quite different today．(：If there were no electricity．．．) 没有电，生活就和现在完全两样了。
[拓展]在if only后使用虚拟语气时，谓语时间用一般过去时表示现在没有矣现的愿望；用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望；常译为“要是……就好了”。
[举例](1)If only I had known where to find you just now．我要是刚才知道到哪儿去找你就好了。
思路分析
[例1] It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____in
love, at the age of seven, with Malinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen
C.should fall D.were to fall
思路分析
本题主要考查了虚拟语气在错综时态中的使用。依据句意和I would be doing today 可断定这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven表示时间是过去，从句中应用had not fallen这个固定形式。本题题意：如果我不是在七岁时迷恋上了我们家的Malinda Cox图书馆，我真难想象我现在会做什么。
[答案] B
Phrases
1.make progress 前进；进步
2.make sense of 弄懂…的意思
3.in other words 换句话说；换言之
4.take risks/a risk 冒险
5.experiment with 进行试验；进行实验
6.piles of 一大堆；一大批；一大团
7.knock down 击倒；撞倒
8.that is to say 也就是说
9.fall behind 落后
10.be different from 与…不同
11.communicate with 与…联系；与…交流
12.distinguish…from… 把与区别开来
13.adjust to 调整；调节；使适合；使便于使用
14.in the process 在进行；经过；在…过程中
15.in common （团体）共同的；公有的
16.make mistakes 犯错误
17.make friends with 与…交朋友
18.take (an active ) part in （积极）参加
19.take patience to 有耐心去做….

知识归纳
1．Motivation n．动机；积极性
[举例](1)In class he tried everything to arouse students’motivation．
在课堂上他用尽各种方式以调动学生的积极性。
(2)His motivation is good．他的动机是好的。．
[记忆]motivate vt．为……动机；引起动机
2．dictation n.听写；口授；命令
[举例]Please get fl pen and a piece of paper for a dictation．请准备一支钢笔和一张纸听写。
[记忆]dictate vt．vi．大声讲或读；口授；命令
[搭配]dictate sth．to sb．把……口授给某人
3．stick vt．使停止；阻塞；刺；扎入；伸出；粘贴
[举例](1)The key stuck in the lock．钥匙卡在锁中。
(2)Stick the fork into the potato．把叉子扎入马铃薯中。
[搭配]stick(sth．)out(使)突出；伸出；显眼
stick to sth．／sb．忠于……；坚守……；坚持；继续；维持
4．acquire vt．学到(知识等)；获得
[举例](1)After hard work he acquired a good knowledge of English．经过努力他熟知了英语。
(2)She acquired a reputation for dishonesty．她蒙上了不诚实的名声。
[记忆]acquisition见(不可数)获得；得到 acquisitive adj．好求得的；好获取的
5．make sense of．．．弄懂……的意思
[举例](1)It’s really hard for me to make any sense of his speech．我真的不能听懂他的演讲。
(2)Can you make sense of the poem?你读得懂这首诗吗?
[拓展]make sense有意义，make no sense无意义
[举例](1)what you say doesn’t make any sense你说的话毫无意义。
(2)Her words made no sense to me．她的话对我而言毫无意义。-
[搭配]in a sense在某种意义上
6．in other words换句话说；换言之
[举例](1)He isn’t honest，in other words，he often tells lies．他不诚实，换句话说他经常撒谎。
(2)This is not take-away，in other words homecooking．这不是外买的快餐，即自家做的。
[拓展]in a／one word简言之；一句话；总之 on／with the words说完这句话以后(立即……)
7．awful adj．极大的；可怕的；极讨厌的
[举例](1)He died an awful death．他死得可怕。
(2)What awful weather it is today!今天天气多么坏啊!
[记忆]awfully adv．(主要用于口语)极为；非常
8．instruct vt．教；指导；指示
[举例](1)He instructs a class in history．他教一个班的历史。
(2)She instructed me how to do the work．她指导我如何做这项工作。
(3)The captain instructed the seamen to start early．船长命令水手们早点出发。
[拓展]instruct vt．通知
[举例]I have been instructed that you owe me￡50．有人通知我你欠我50英镑。
[记忆] instruction，n．(不可数)教授；教导；被指导 (常用复数)指令；命令
[辨析]teach，instruct，educate
teach一词表在指导下进行的学习过程，包括布置作业，训练学习，提供范例等；instruct与teach接近，但大多时限于在指导下接受训练的特殊情况，或限于给予资料或命令；educate指范围要广泛的学术过程，比teach语气要正式。
[举例](1)One teacher gives the lessons，another instructs the discussion group．
一位老师负责讲解，另一位负责指导小组讨论。
(2)a manual instructing the buyer on the installation of an air-conditioner
一本教顾客如何安装空调的一书
(3)educating the coming generation by means of newly discovered methods
用新的教学教育下一代
9．comprehension n．理解(力)；理解力
[举例](1)The problem is beyond my comprehension．这个问题超出了我的理解范围。
(2)Students are weak in reading comprehension．学生的阅读理解力不好(差)。
[记忆]comprehend vt．理解 comprehensible adj．可充分了解的
10．secure adj．有把握的；安心的；安全的
[举例](1)She feels secure about her future．她对自己的前途觉得安心。
(2)Are you sure the doors and windows are secure?你确信门窗关好了吗?
[拓展]secure vt．使牢固；紧闭
[举例Secure all the doors and windows before leaving．在走之前关好所有的门窗。
[搭配1be secure from／against安全于
secure sth．／sb．from／against使……安全(可靠)
secure sb．sth．为某人弄到……
11．take risks／a risk冒险
[举例](1)He takes risks to save the boy from drowning．他冒险救回那位溺水的男孩。
(2)To succeed in business one must be prepared to take risks．
一个人想在商业上成功，必须做冒险的打算。’
[拓展]run／take the risk of doing sth．冒险做……；冒……险
[举例]We’ll take the risk of being late．我们将冒迟到之险。
[举例]He was determined to get there at the risk of his life．他决定冒生命的危险到达那儿。
12．patience n．耐心；忍耐力
[举例](1)The work calls for patience．做这件工作需要耐心。
(2)I haven’t the patience to hear your complaints again．我再无耐心听你的抱怨。
[搭配] be patient with 对某人有(无)耐心
I have (no) patience with sb．
be out of patience(with)对……忍无可忍
be patient of sth．对某事物有耐心
13．adopt vt．采纳；接受；收养
[举例](1)His advice was adopted by the board．他的建议被董事会采纳了。
(2)The committee adopted the proposal．委员会通过了这项提议。
(3)As they had no children of their own，they adopted an orphan．
他们没有亲生儿女，就收养了一个孤儿。
[记忆]adoption n．收养；采纳；接受；采用；采取 adoptive adj．收养的；采取的
14．operation n．手术；运转；操作
[举例](1)The patient is on operation．那位病人在做手术。
(2)The newly-ifltroduced machine is in good operation．那新引进的机器运转正常。
(3)Whan does the plan come into operation?该计划何时开始生效?
[记忆]operate vt．给……做手术；操作；运转
[搭配]be in／bring sth．into／come into operation生效中／使生效／生效
[拓展]be on operation在做手术 be in operation在生效；在运转中
15．knock down击倒；撞倒
[举例](1)A stone knocked him down. 一块石块击倒了他。
(2)The wall was knocked down by a traek．那堵墙被卡车撞倒了。
[拓展]knock sth．down拆除；拆散
[举例](1)These old houses are to be knocked down．这些旧房屋将被拆除。
(2)The machines will be knocked down before being packed for shipment to Hongkong．
这些机器在装好运到香港之前将被拆散。
[记忆]knock off(work)停止(工作) knock sb．out击昏某人；(药物等)迷昏某人
knock over撞翻 knock about／around(口)漫游；漂泊
16．senior；junior
[注意](1)senior，junior本身就表示比较级因而无比较级变化。
(2)senior，junior在比较句中后应接介词to而不是than。
[举例](1)He is senior to me．他比我年长。
(2)She is junior to her sister in rank．她的职位低于她妹妹。
[拓展]与senior，junior类似用法的词还有prior较早的；顺序在先的；更重要的
[举例](1)The house was sold prior to auction．这房子在拍卖前就已售出。
(2)Friendship is prior to competition．友谊第一、比赛第二。
17．appropriate adj．适当的；合适的
[举例](1)Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding．运动衣不适合于正式婚礼。
(2)Write in a style appropriate to your subject．以适合你主题的文体来写。
[搭配]appropriate for／to sth．适合于……的；与……一致的

单项填空
1.The manager has a good business ,so the company is doing well.
A.idea B.sense
C.thought D.thinking
解析：sense 意为 “（对价值的）辨别；理解,领悟”，如：a person with no sense of direction
答案：B
2.The three sisters decided to hold a family party to their parents’ silver wedding.
A.celebrate B.memorize
C.congratulate D.welcome
解析：congratulate和 welcome的宾语一般为人。举办家庭宴会不应是为了记住（memorize）, 而是为了庆贺（celebrate）父母的银婚。
答案：A
3.The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangerous speed.
A.as B.which
C.what D.that
解析：I thought 是插入语，如去掉 I thought，at后应该是一个宾语从句， was前缺主语。 as不充当主语，that 不充当成分，故排除A、D两项。再根据句意，应选what。
答案：C
4.—Do you think I should get a good guide book?
—Yes,of course. ,you also need a good camera and comfortable shoes.
A.What’s more B.In other words
C.By the way D.All in all
解析：what’s more意为“而且”，in other words意为“换言之”，by the way意为“顺便说”,all in all意为“大体来说”。根据also的出现和问话与答语的递进关系可知应选A。
答案：A
5.Look at the trouble I am in!If only I your advice.
A.followed B.would follow
C.had followed D.should follow
解析：“If only ...” 是一个虚拟语气结构，意为“要是……该多好”。如果与现在事实相反,用一般过去时;如果与过去事实相反,则用过去完成时。本题意为“要是我当初听从你的忠告就好了”。
解析：C
6.The sign reads “In case of fire,break the glass and push red button”.
A./；a B./;the
C.the;the D.a;a
解析：fire作“火，起火”时为不可数名词，前面不需用冠词；red button需要特指，应用定冠词。
答案：B
7.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who have taken it?
A.should B.must
C.could D.would
解析：第二句话显然是测试对过去事实的一种推测，意为 “谁可能拿走了我的字典？”“should have done”表示 “本应该做某事”,“must have done”表示“一定做过（某事）”，用于虚拟语气;“could have done”表示“可能做过（某事）”，表示推测。
答案：C
8. made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A.What;because B.What;that
C.That;what D.That;because
解析：was之前为主语从句，从句缺乏主语， 故选what。was之后为表语从句，从句不缺成分，故选that。
答案：B
9. be sent to work there?
A.Who do you suggest
B.Who do you suggest that should
C.Do you suggest who should
D.Do you suggest whom should
解析：由do you think（suppose,suggest...） 所引起的宾语从句，如过其连接词是wh-类的词， 语法上要求将这些词置于do之前，而这时的宾语从句不能再有其他连接词。
答案：A
10.—The boys aren’t doing a good job at all,are they?
— .
A.I guess not so
B.I don’t guess
C.I don’t guess so
D.I guess not
解析：think,suppose,guess等一些思维性动词，作肯定回答时用 “I think（suppose,guess） so.”;作否定回答时有两种:一种为“I don’t（suppose,guess） so.” 另一种为 “I think（suppose,guess） not.”其他形式被认为是不正确的。
答案：D
11.How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!
A.has B.had
C.will have D.had had
解析：wish的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，故排除A和C，又因本句是对现在情况的愿望，应用一般过去时。
答案：B
12.Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A.more than twice
B.as twice as many
C.twice as many as
D.more than twice as many
解析：本句检测的第一个内容是“as...as...”句型的应用。因句中已出现另一个as（副词），故先排除A和C。如有倍数词，则倍数词应放在第一个as的前面。
答案：D
13.Let Harry play with your toys as well,Clare—you must learn to .
A.support B.care
C.spare D.share
解析：两人共同玩你的玩具是“分享，共用”。《朗文当代高级英语辞典》上的原句为：Children should be taught to share their joys.应教育孩子们愿意把自己的玩具分给其他孩子玩。A、B、C三个选项与句意不符。
答案：D
14.Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard— ,you failed.
A.in the end B.after all
C.in other words D.at the same time
解析：本题考查介词短语作为连接性附加状语的用法。in the end 表示“最后，终于”；after all 意为“毕竟，终究”；at the same time 除可表示“同时”外，还可引出相关的评论或附加的加强性信息，表示“尽管如此，然而”。从语境看，意思应该为“换句话说，也就是说”。
答案：C
15.You didn’t let me drive.If we in turn,you so tired.
A.drove;didn’t get
B.drove;wouldn’t get
C.were driving;wouldn’t get
D.had driven;wouldn’t have got
解析：这是虚拟语气，条件和结果都是讲过去的事，要套公式If...had+过去分词，...would（或could,might,should 等）+have+过去分词...”。
答案：D

单句改错
下列句子均有一处错误（或多一词；或缺一词；或错一词），请找出并加以改正。
1.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he will graduate from the university next year.
解析：by the time 可作为连词来引导时间状语从句,意为“到……时候为止”，时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时。
答案：will graduate 改为 graduates
2.I wish I can improve my spoken English.
解析：wish 后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
答案：can改为could
3.I’d rather to spend more time on maths and science.
解析：would rather 后接动词原形。
答案：去掉to
4.Many schools offer exchange programmes at reasonable cost.
解析：cost “成本,费用,价钱”，是可数名词。
答案：at 后加a
5.With the day went on,the weather got worse.
解析：考查介词with的复合结构。
答案：went改为 going
6.I don’t think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
解析：think 后接复合宾语时,常用it 作形式宾语, 真正的宾语应放在宾语补足语之后。
答案：think 后加it
7.She heard a terrible noise,it brought her heart into her mouth.
解析：不能用逗号连接两个并列分句，故逗号后是非限制性定语从句。
答案：it改为which
8.John was made wash the truck for a week as punishment.
解析：“make sb. do sth.”变被动语态后，作主补的不定式前要加“to”。
答案：wash前加to
9.Leaving it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
解析：本题属于“祈使句+and（or）+陈述句”的句型。
答案：Leaving改为Leave
10.—Are the new rules working?
—Yes.A few books are stolen.
解析：本题考查在特定语境中词义的辨析。题干中所提供的语境是询问图书馆的新规则是否奏效，而答案“yes”是肯定的。由此推理，图书馆失窃现象得以控制。
答案：A few改为Few。