难点8 亦有规律可循的介词

介词用法比较复杂，但亦有规律可循。
●难点磁场
1.(★★★★)________his wife，his daughter also went to see him.
A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for
(NMET1986)
2.(★★★★)—What are you doing?
 —I’m looking________the children.They should be back for lunch now.
A.after B.at C.for D.up
(NMET1986)
3.(★★★★)The doctor will be free________.
A.10 minutes B.after 10 minutes
C.in 10 minutes D.10 minutes after (NMET1992)
4.(★★★★)We offered him our congratulations________his passing the college entrance exams.
A.at B.on C.for D.of
(NMET1993)
5.(★★★★★)—How long has this bookshop been in business?
—________1982.
A.After B.In C.From D.Since
(NMET1994)
6.(★★★★★)Did you have trouble________the post office?
A.to have found B.with finding
C.to find D.in finding (NMET1992)
7.(★★★★★)—What do you want to do ________those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat. (北京2002)
A.by B.for C.of D.with
8.(★★★★★)The train leaves at 6:00 p m. So I have to be at the station________5:40pm. at the latest.
A.until B.after C.by D.around
(NMET1997)

●案例探究
1.________production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A.As B.For C.With D.Through
(NMET2000)
命题意图：本题根据句意和结构考查介词用法，属于五星级题目。
知识依托：“with+复合宾语”结构。
错解分析：四个选项均为介词，有一定迷惑性。
解题方法与技巧：句中“with+名词（宾语）+副词（宾补）”结构作状语表示原因。例如：Tian An Men looks grander than ever with all lights on.在华灯掩映下，天安门显得更加雄伟壮观。
答案：C
2.The home improvements have taken what little there is ________my spare time.
A.from B.in C.of D.at
(NMET2001)
命题意图：考查介词of的用法，属于五星级题目。
知识依托：little of my spare time.意思是“仅有的业余时间”。
错解分析：B项迷惑性较大，受 in one’s spare time短语影响。
解题方法与技巧：of在此表示“……中的部分/全部”，与名词little连用。该句为一个含有感叹式宾语从句的主从复合句，连接代词what修饰的是在从句中作主语的名词，little提到从句之首，little前无冠词表示否定，意为“少到几乎没有”，如：
I understand little of his speech.他的讲话我几乎没有听懂。
答案：C

●锦囊妙计
介词比较复杂，注意以下表示原因的介词。
①because of表示引起结果的直接原因，意义与连词because相同。例如：
He retired last month because of illness/because he was ill.上个月他因病退休了。
②for表示内在的、心理上的原因，常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感名词连用；还可表示某种动作或结果的起因。而连词for则表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因。
例如：He trembled for fear.他怕发抖。
Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。
When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.他还是青年时就因为政治原因离开了他的祖国。
③by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。例如：
Her body was bent by age.岁月使得他的腰也弯了。
The general died by his own hand.将军自杀了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。
④at表示某种情绪或动作的起因，多与“喜，怒，哀，乐”等义的词连用，常译作“听到……”，“看到……”。例如：
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.听到这个消息，全国人民极为悲痛。
He jumped at the news.听到这个消息，他蹦了起来。
⑤on表示能作为依据或条件的原因，常译为“依照……”。例如：
He has given up smoking on medical advice.他遵照医生的劝告已经把烟戒了。
⑥of和from表原因时常与die或类似意义的词连用。die of指因疾病、饥饿、寒冷，或害怕、羞愧等内因或外因造成的死亡结果；die from表示因伤、事故等外因或不明原因造成的死亡。与疾病名词连用时，二者均可。from还可表示懒惰等造成某种后果的原因。例如：
His son having been killed in the war,the man died of a broken heart.儿子死于战争后，老人也因伤心过度而亡。
In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die from the polluted air.寒冷的冬天，大城市里的许多老人死于污染的空气。
She died of /from cancer. 她死于癌症。
He wasn’t ill;he stayed in bed from laziness.他没病，他躺在床上只是偷懒。
⑦with指生理上或情感上的外界到内心的原因，意为“随着……。”例如：Gessler turned red with anger.盖斯勒气得脸都红了。
⑧owing to,相当于because of，多表示引起某种不良后果的原因。例如：
Owing to the rain they could not come.都是因为那场雨他们才没能来。
Owing to his lacking of experience,John failed this time.因为经验不足，这次约翰又失败了。
注：owing to也可表示“欠……钱”之意。How much is he owing to you?他欠你多少钱？
⑨thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏……，多亏……”。例如：
Thanks to the timely rain,the farmer had a good harvest.多亏那场及时雨，农民才有了个好收成。
⑩out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于……”。例如：
He asked the question out of curiosity.出于好奇，他提了这个问题。
He did it out of pity.他做那事是出于同情。

●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★★)As soon as he entered the room, he took________his cap and sat down.
A.off B.out C.away D.down
2.(★★★★)The policeman helped the old woman________the street.
A.through B.past C.across D.over
3.(★★★★)Early________the morning of May 1,we started off________the mountain village.
A.in; for B.in; to C.on; / D.on; for
4.(★★★★)Sports and games can be________great help to us.
A.of B.having C.done D.in
5.(★★★★)Mr Suith sold that magnificent cottage of his on the sea________2 000 000 dollars.
A.at B.for C.to D.by
6.(★★★★)—Whose advice do you think I should take?
 —________.
A.It’s none of my business B.It’s your own business
C.There is nothing to do with me D.It’s up to you
7.(★★★★★)—You seemed to be deeply struck by his skill.
—Not exactly so.It was his courage________ his that really struck me most.
A.rather than B.as well as C.but also D.not as
8.(★★★★★)We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to________it .It might be valuable. (NMET2002)
A.hold on to B.keep up with C.turn to D.look after
9.(★★★★)Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________an inch.
 A.by B.at C.to D.from
(上海2002)
10.(★★★★★)—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? (北京2002)
—The key ________the problem is to meet the demand________by the customers.
A.to solving; making B.to solving; made
C.to solve; making D.to solve; made
介词填空
1.(★★★★)We wanted to meet each other________9 o’clock________their house, but________my way to meet her, I drove________the road.
2.(★★★★★)______the twentieth______June we sailed______an Francisco_______Tokyo, expecting to arrive ________the Japanese capital________the middle________July.
3.(★★★★)When my father is________work,he pays attention so carfully________ what he is doing that he does not notice the people who come________his office.
4.(★★★★★)The shirt that I bought________Barry was placed________a gift box and tied________red ribbon(丝带).
5.(★★★★)I heard________a friend who was studying________the University________ Beijing.
6.(★★★★★)He is writing________life________other countries, and________him we can learn much________the floor.
7.(★★★★★)We laughed so loudly________the English film that we broke our cups________coca-cola________the floor.