难点16 区别微妙的情态动词

情态动词在近年来的高考试题中的难度日渐加大，不仅是由于情态动词表示说话人的语气和心态等，而且这些往往是需用心体会而得的。由于语气的暗示在题目中变得更隐蔽，语气的变化更微妙，因而更综合化了。
●难点磁场
1.(★★★★★)I didn’t hear the phone I________ asleep.
A.must be B.must have been
C.should be D.should have been
2.(★★★★★)We ________ last night,but we went to the concert instead.
A.must have studied B.might study
C.should have studied D.would study
3.(★★★★★)John,you________ play with the knife,you________hurt yourself.
A.won’t;can’t B.mustn’t;may
C.shouldn’t;must D.can’t;shouldn’t
4.(★★★★★)It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack________ be here at any moment.
A.must B.need
C.should D.can
5.(★★★★)She________for what she has done,but why do you keep silent on it?
A.ought to praise B.ought to have praised
C.ought to be praised D.ought to have been praised
6.(★★★★)If your boss is not right,you________him.
A.mustn’t obey B.don’t have to obey
C.wouldn’t have obey D.can’t have obey
7.(★★★★★)—Shall I call a doctor for you?
— ________.I will be better soon.
A.Yes,you may B.No,you mustn’t
C.No,you needn’t D.I’d rather not
8.(★★★★)—Would you like to go shopping with me tonight?
—________.
A.I’d love so B.I’ll like to
C.I would like that D.I’d love to
9.(★★★★★)He________ you more help,even though he was very busy.
A.might have given B.might
C.may have given D.may give
10.(★★★★★)Noise________ harmful in China.
A.didn’t use to be considered B.usedn’t to consider
C.didn’t use to consider D.isn’t used to be considered

●案例探究
1.—Will you stay for lunch?
—Sorry,________ my brother is coming to see me.
A.I mustn’t B.I can’t
C.I needn’t D.I won’t
命题意图：考查情态动词在一般疑问句答语中的用法。本题属四星级题。
知识依托：mustn’t 不允许、禁止
can’t客观上不能办到
needn’t不需要
won’t不会，不愿意
错解分析：本题易误选D，I won’t，只考虑了将来时，而实际上，吃饭这件事是办不到的。
解题方法与技巧：情态动词在一般疑问句中的问和答的应用，一般只涉及到词的基本用法。can表示做某事的能力。意思是“能够”“能”。或表示许可，在疑问句中表示要求，否定句表示不许。
答案：B
2.Sorry I’m late.I________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
 (2000年春季高考北京)
A.might B.should C.can D.will
命题意图：本题考查对过去猜测的用法。属五星级题。
知识依托：may/might/must+have done表示对过去的肯定猜测。
can’t/couldn’t+have done表示对过去的否定猜测。
错解分析：本题易误选B，而should have done表示应该做而实际上没做，这和语意“我可能是把闹钟关掉后又睡了”是矛盾的，故应选A。
解题方法与技巧：在这道题目中反映出的情态动词+完成式表示对过去发生事情的推测属于高考的一个重点和热点，对于这种题目首先要弄清各种搭配的含义，然后再结合语境选出正确答案。
答案：A

●锦囊妙计
要运用好情态动词，就要首先对情态动词有一个完整的认识，情态动词分为三种情况：
1.只用作情态动词的有：must,can/could,may/might,ought to,be able to
2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need,dare，have/had to,used to
3.既可作情态动词又为助动词的有：shall/should/will/would
情态动词不能单独作谓语，需要和动词（行为动词或系动词）连用，构成谓语。除了可以表示一定的意思，比如：能够，可以，肯定等，其最重要的还在于它同时可以传达说话人的口气、心情、意愿等。例如：You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.本句中的should就表示讲话人意外、惊奇、遗憾的感情色彩。同时它的难点也就难在这里，做题时不仅要熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法，更要结合上下文仔细体会文句中所隐含的语气或情感。

●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★★)Don’t lock the door in case he________ back late at night.
A.should come B.might come
C.will come D.would come
2.(★★★★★)You________ worry about the old man.He________ well already.
A.don’t need;gets B.needn’t;may have got
C.mustn’t;got D.don’t need to;may get
3.(★★★★)I’ve tried many times,but the car just________.
A.won’t start B.wouldn’t start
C.doesn’t start D.didn’t start
4.(★★★★★)Better set off at once,________?
A.won’t you B.shall we
C.hadn’t you D.wouldn’t you
5.(★★★★★)I was really anxious about you________ home without a word.
(2001年高考)
A.musn’t leave B.shouldn’t have left
C.couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave
6.(★★★★★)—Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure.I go to the concert intead. (2000年高考)
A.must B.would
C.should D.might
7.(★★★★★)—Do you think he will do me a favour?
—As far as I know,he is the last one to help others.He be prepared to give you a hand,though. （南京二模）
A.might B.must
C.can D.should
8.(★★★★★)You must have seen the film last night, you?
A.mustn’t B.isn’t
C.didn’t D.haven’t
9.(★★★★★)It’s dark now.We have to stay here for the night, ?
A.don’t we B.haven’t we
C.mustn’t we D.shouldn’t we
10.(★★★★★)He through the forest alone.
A.dare walk B.dare to walk
C.dares walking D.dares to walk