难点17 独立主格结构

英语与汉语在表达习惯上有些不同，独立主格结构便是其中之一。独立主格结构是学习的难点。独立主格结构用作状语，多用来表示行为方式或伴随的情况，也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
●难点磁场
1.(★★★★) ,they will go and visit the zoo.
A.Weather permitting B.Weather permitted
C.Weather being permitted D.Weather having permitted
2.(★★★★)The problem ,they all went home happily.
A.settling B.to be settled
C.settled D.to settle
3.(★★★★)A lot of work ,he had no time to talk with us.
A.done B.to do
C.doing D.to be doing

●案例探究
1.Everyone________ their seats,the meeting began.
A.taken B.taking
C.having taken D.to take
命题意图：此题考查独立主格结构作时间状语。此题属五星级题目。
知识依托：名词或代词+现在分词作状语，名词或代词就是分词的逻辑主语。
错解分析：A项taken为过去分词，它与逻辑主语之间逻辑上是被动关系，而此题中everyone与take their seats 应为主动关系。B项强调动作与句子谓语表示的动作同时发生，而此题中应是先就座，后开会，有明显的先后顺序。
解题方法与技巧：①everyone与take their seats是主动关系。
②分词与句子谓语有明显先后顺序。分词应用过完成式。
答案：C
2.He stood there,his hands________ behind.
A.tying B.tied
C.were tying D.were tied
命题意图：此题旨在考查独立主格作方式状语。此题属四星级题目。
知识依托：“名词或代词+过去分词”作为独立主格结构作状语。名词/代词与过去分词构成逻辑上的被动关系。
错解分析：D项干扰性最强，但是若选D项，题干为两个独立的简单句，缺少连词，可把句子改为He stood there and his hands were tied behind.
解题方法与技巧：弄清楚名词与分词之间的逻辑关系。
答案：B
3.________,Mother had to stay at home and looked after him.
A.Being ill B.He was ill
C.Tom being ill D.To be ill
命题意图：此题考查独立主格结构作原因状语。此题属五星级题。
知识依托：名词或代词加现在分词构成的独立主格结构。
错解分析：干扰性最强的选项为A项，A项为现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语应是句子的主语Mother,那和“Mother had to…looked after him”意思不一致了。
解题方法与技巧：掌握分词作状语与独立主格结构作状语的区别。
答案：C

●锦囊妙计
1.独立主格结构是由一名词或代词（作逻辑主语）加现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语构成，用作状语。
2.名词与现在分词是逻辑上的主动关系，与过去分词是逻辑上的被动关系。
3.掌握分词或分词短语作状语与独立主格结构作状语的区别。

●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★★★)________,there is no school.
A.It is Sunday B.It was Sunday
C.It will be Sunday D.It being Sunday
2.(★★★★)________,all the students ran out of the classroom.
A.Class was over B.Class is over
C.Class over D.When class over
3.(★★★★)________,everything has changed.
A.Time goes on B.Time going on
C.As time going on D.With time went on
4.(★★★★)He was lying on the grass,his hands________ under his head.
A.crossing B.crossed
C.was crossing D.were crossed
5.(★★★★★)The storm________ their house,they had to live in a cave.
A.destroyed B.destroying
C.having destroyed D.being destroyed
6.(★★★★)He entered the room,________.
A.his nose was red with cold B.and his nose red with cold
C.his nose red with cold D.his nose been red with cold
7.(★★★★)Here are the first two volumes,the third one________ next month.
A.to come out B.coming out
C.will come out D.having come out
8.(★★★★)All things________,I think we ought to give the job to Mike.
A.considering B.considered
C.having considered D.are considered