难点19  常用词活用及搭配

词语辨析是英语学习的一个重点，也是高考命题的一个热点。常用词的一些搭配也是命题人较为关注的。
●难点磁场
1.(★★★★)—What did you think of her speech？
—She ________ for one hour but didn’t________ much.
A.spoke;speak         B.spoke;say
C.said;speak          D.said;say
2.(★★★★)I can hardly hear the radio.Would you please________?
A.turn it on          B.turn it down
C.turn it up          D.turn it off
3.(★★★★★)Let Harry play with your toys as well,Clare,you must learn to________.
（NMET 2000）
A.support          B.care
C.spare           D.share
4.(★★★★★)We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it________ very well.
A.worked out          B.tried out
C.went on          D.carried on
●案例探究
1.(★★★★)I________an answer to my letter within a few days.
A.wait           B.hope
C.expect           D.look forward
命题意图：此题考查四个常用词的辨析运用。
知识依托：expect盼望、期望、预料。其用法：
expect+宾语
expect+宾语+to do sth.
expect to do sth.
be expected to do sth.

错解分析：A项wait为vi.带宾语需加介词for, wait for an answer。B项hope的用法。
①hope to do sth.②hope+that-clause.③hope for sth.想要……D项应为look forward to an answer.
故答案为C。译为：“我盼望几天内能收到你的回信”。
答案：C
2.We thought of selling this old furniture,but we’ve decided to________ it.It might be valuable.     (NMET 2002)
A.hold on to          B.keep up with
C.turn to          D.look after
命题意图：旨在考查四个常用短语作宾语。此题为五星级题目。
知识依托：hold on to sth.=hang onto sb.译为“保留，保住”。
错解分析：B项keep up with…不落后……，追上…… C项turn to sb./sth.求助于……turn to …翻倒…… D项lok after照料，照顾
解题方法与技巧：此题可使用排除法，句意为“我们考虑过将这些旧家具卖掉，但是因为它或许有用处，所以决定……”按句意，B、C、D项明显不可以，排除，只剩A项。
答案：A
3.The guard________ the old man to pass after he showed him the pass.
A.promised           B.agreed
C.let            D.permitted
命题意图：此题旨在考查动词后跟复合宾语的情况。此题属五星级题目。
知识依托：permit（允许） 的基本用法。
permit sb. to do sth.
permit doing sth.
be permitted to do sth.

错解分析：agree(同意）后不能接复合宾语，即不能说agree sb./sth.to do sth.
let(让）后跟不带to的不定式。
promise后可跟复合宾语，即promise sb.to do sth.
但不定式的逻辑主语应是句子的主语。
答案：D

●锦囊妙计
1.高考对常用词考查要求越来越高，且不再是单纯的考查短语动词，而是把词语辨析和语法、交际用语融合在一起，这就要求我们学习词语不能光靠死记硬背，而是要在语境中灵活地去使用。
2.要注意名词与动词、名词与介词的搭配；动词与介词、副词的搭配、形容词与介词、名词的搭配。如：
put away 拿开，放起来，放弃
put back 放回（原处），拨回（钟表），推迟
put down 写下来，镇压，放下
put off 推迟，延期
put out 熄灭，扑灭，生产
put into插入，（使）进入
put on 穿，戴，上演
put through 接通（电话）
put to use 利用
put up 建造，举起，（提供）住宿
put up with 忍受，等等。

●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★★)How can you________ if you are not________.
A.listening;hearing       B.hear;listening
C.be listening        D.be hearing;listening to
2.(★★★★)We________ them in the game.
A.won          B.defeat
C.got          D.beat
3.(★★★★★)I really don’t want to go to the party,but I don’t see how I can________ it.
A.get back from        B.get out of
C.get away         D.get off
4.(★★★★)I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s________ to be quite a good one.
A.said          B.told
C.spoken         D.talked
5.(★★★★)You’re________ your time trying to persuade him,he will never join us.
A.spending         B.wasting
C.losing          D.missing
6.(★)Would you be so kind as to________ me ten minutes?
A.spend          B.save
C.spare          D.share
7.(★★★★)Kate________ in the crowded hall,hoping to find Professor Li.
A.looked for         B.looked through
C.looked around        D.look forward to
8.(★★★★)When we finally________ to get home after the tiring journey,we could hardly move a step further.
A.try          B.succeeded
C.completed         D.managed