诊断性练习
1.Everything ______ if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
A. will be destroyed       B. will have been destroyed  
C． would be destroyed   D. would have been destroyed
2. If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night,______.
A. you would meet John already    B. you won’t have missed John
C. you will have met John         D. you would have met John
3. The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation.
A made  B. make   C.makes   D. will make
4. Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
A. do  B. don’t do    C. didn’t do    D. will not do
5. It’s high time you ______.
A. start to work    B. would start to work  C. started to work  D. had started to work
6.  “If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“I ______ able to play so well now.”
A. wouldn’t be  B. won’t be C. wouldn’t have been   D. couldn’t have been
7.I wish our teacher ______ to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet.
A. isn’t going   B. weren’t going   C. will not going    D. could have gone
8.I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night.
A. went       B. did go          C. could go        D. could have gone
9.If I ______ in the twenty-first century, I ______ my vacation in a very different way.
A. should live…would spend          B. will live ….should spend
C. are living … should have spent     D. will be living…would have spent
10.It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary.
A. be oiled   B. must be oiled  C. is oiled   D. will oil
11.We prefer that the plan ______ before being put into execution.
A.is fully discussed    B. must be fully discussed   
C. be fully discussed   D. will be fully discussed
12.The doctor’s advice is that the patient ______ about his real physical condition.
A.be not told    B. not be told    C. will not be told    D. must not be told
13.______,we could not have finished the work on time.
A.If they do not help us     B. Was it not for their help
C.Should they offer to help us  D.But for their help
14.If we had been more careful, we ______ much better results now.
A. got  B. had got  C. would be getting    D. would have got
15.Henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past.
A. would be    B. is      C. will be       D. was
16.I should very much like to have gone to the party but I ______.
A.am not invited   B. was not invited  C. shall not be invited    D. am not being invited
17. “Did you go to see the football match yesterday?”
“No. I didn’t feel well, but I would have gone if I ______.”
A.  did   B. have    C. would    D. had
18.If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we ______ her at the bus station.
A. may have met  B. might meet    C. may meet    D. might have met
19.Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight ______.
A. could be not solved           B. could not be solved
C. could not have been solved     D. could not have solved
20.______ the fog, we should have reached our destination.
A. Because of   B. In spite of   C. In case of    D. But for

基本用法及常见考点

一． 语气的定义和种类
1 语气(mood)
   语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类
    a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：
There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
    Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？
How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！
b. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：
    Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
    Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed!祝您成功！

二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。
条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：
If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。
　如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：
    If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：
动词形式 时间 从句 主句
与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) would(could/should/might)+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+动词过去分词 would(could/should/might)+have过去分词
与将来事实可能相反 动词过去式
should+动词原形
were to+动词原形 would(could/should/might)+动词原形
    注：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。
1．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：
    If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）
    If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）
2 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：
    If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might)have telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。）
    If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的。）
3 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：
    If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。
    ---What would happen if I put the paper on the fire?
    ---It would burn.
    ---我若把只放在火上会怎么样？
    ---纸会烧着。
    注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to + 动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。如：
    If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.
三．虚拟语气的其它用法。
    1 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。
    在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that…”这类句型中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。如：
    It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. 重要的是每个北京人能说英语。
    It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 有必要马上把他送医院。
2 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
  （1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
    a.表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的过去式用were )表示。如：
    I wish I knew the answer to the question.
    我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知道。）
    I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。（只是愿望，实际根本不可能实现。）
    b.表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用 had+过去分词。如：
    I wish (that) I hadn’t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。（实际上已经
浪费掉了。）
    He wishes (wished) he hadn’t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。（事实上机会已经失去了，他感到惋惜。）
    c.表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为 “would/should/could/might+动词原形”，此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动作名词除外）。如：
    I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。
    I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。
（2）在suggest（建议）, demand(要求), order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command(命令), request(要求), desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 “(should)+动词原形”，表示建议，要求，命令等。如：
    I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.我建议马上开会。
    The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。
    注： 当suggest表示暗示，主语为something；insist表示坚持观点时，后接的宾语从句当用真实语气。比较：
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。
    He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。
    He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。
    He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持他每天都要早操。
3 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法。
     当主语为advice, suggestion, order, proposal等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容。如：
    My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
    The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。

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