专题26  斤斤计较的数字计算题

数字计算题往往涉及多处信息，这就要求学生要处处留心、斤斤计较，方能解答正确。
●难点磁场
A
The Grange
15 Lamb’s Mews
London
SW19 1PF
19th January
Dear Ms Hawthorne
I am writing to express my disappointment with the evening my wife and I spent at your restaurant two nights ago.While the food was,as usual,very good,I regret to inform you that the service from our waiter,Max,was most unsatisfactory.
First of all,when we arrived,we discovered our table overlooking the garden had been given away to some other customers.The new table we finally received was by the door and when I complained,Max just laughed.
Furthermore,as we were sitting down,he was extremely familiar with my wife,which deeply made her uncomfortable.When our meal came,he served the food casually and at the end cleared the plates in a most rude fashion.
Regarding the payment of service,I noticed your menu which says that the matter of rewarding service is at the willingness of the guest.In addition,I should point out that on other occasions I have left at least 12 percent.This time,I felt right in leaving nothing.
I regret having to write this letter,but as a regular customer I am extremely displeased and did not expect to be treated in this manner.I look forward to hearing from you with a satisfactory reply,or,if you prefer,we could meet in person to resolve this matter.
Yours sincerely,
Rupert Metcalf
1.(★★★★)Mr Metcalf had dinner in the restaurant on ________.
A.16th January       B.17th January
C.18th January       D.19th January
2.How many complaints does Mr Metcalf have in his letter?
A.One.      B.Two.    C.Four.     D.Six.
B
Have you ever noticed,when looking at a map of the world ,that the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa look as though they might fit together?If you have,you are not alone,In 1965 the English scientist Sir Edward Bullard used a computer to test the fit of the two continents and found that at an ocean depth of 2000 metres the match was very close indeed.
It seems too remarkable to be possible,but there is a lot of evidence(证据) to suggest that Africa was once joined to South America.For example,there is a belt of ancient rocks along the east coast of Brazil which is similar to the rocks across the South Atlantic in West Africa.
There is further evidence that existing land masses were once linked.The remains of a 400-to-500-million-year-old mountain chain has been found running down the eastern part of Greenland,western Scandinavia,and through north-west Scotland and Ireland,into western Canada, eventually finding their way to north-west Africa.
Then there is the evidence from life itself.In various parts of the world today the same animals and plants can be found on land masses separated by,in some cases,thousands of miles of oceans.Did they develop at the same time in two different places?It seems unlikely.Biologists believe that there must have been land bridges which have now sunk beneath the sea.Also fossils(化石) found in sedimentary rocks (fossils are the preserved remains of life forms)  have allowed geologists to trace the same plants from South America,and Antarctica(北极) in rocks perhaps 300 million years old.
The ice that is now confined to(限制) the polar regions（北极或南极地区)has not always been so limited in extent.Indeed,during a period of the Earth’s history  known as the permocarboniferous age(二叠石炭纪) about 250~350 million years ago  there is evidence from the rocks that there were glaciers covering South America,parts of Africa,India,Australia,as well as Antarctica.On the other hand,in the northern hemisphere(北半球),there were deserts.If the continents sparead out as they are  today,it is hard to understand how this could be.
So there is considerable evidence to show whole continents moved apart,and naturally many people have tried to discover how and why whole land masses moved.
3.(★★★★★)How many proofs does the author give in the passage?
A.3.      B.6.     C.4.     D.7.
C
The outburst of joy at the success of China’s national football team in reaching the World Cup finals easily matched the scenes of celebration which attended Beijing’s Olympic bid win.
It’s little surprise:football fans had waited 44 years for that moment—three times longer than the seemingly endless World Trade Organization negotiations(谈判)！
The 53-year-old Serb coach(教练) Bora Milutinovic is regarded now as nothing less than a saviour by football fans used to years of broken dreams and bitter setbacks.
Best known to fans as Milu,he has been believed by many with playing a major role in helping the Chinese team win its tickets to the 2002 World Cup being co-hosted by South Korea and Japan.
Having already guided Mexico,Costa Rica,Nigeria and the United States to the World Cup finals,Bora Milutinovic managed to continue his winning streak in China.He made it clear however last Friday in Shenyang Wulihe Stadium that he preferred not to be seen as a miracle worker.
Before guiding the Chinese team to the finals,Milu was one of only two coaches in the world to take four national sides to the final stages.The other one is Carlos Alberto Parreir.Milu however is the only man to take all for teams to the second round of the finals.And now he was gone on better taking the fifth team to the finals.
4.(★★★★)The negotiation of China’s entering the WTO has lasted about ________ years.
A.44.    B.15.    C.22.   D.10

●案例探究
1.         JULY
 
MON. TUES. WED. THURS. FRI. SAT. SUN.   
 1  2  3  4  5  6    
7  8  9  10  11  12  13    
14  15  16  17  18  19  20    
21  22  23  24  25  26  27    
28  29  30  31     
Ms. Rossi owns the Roadside Motel(汽车游客旅馆)，which has 50 units.She wishes to keep a handy record of the number of units occupied(住房，占有).To do this she uses a calendar and writes the number of units occupied in a small box in the upper right-hand comer of each date.The following questions are based on the occupancy rate for July.
1.The total number of units occupied during the week of July 14 through July 20 was ______.
A.240       B.239   C.244    D.234
2.The average occupancy rate for Thursday was ________.
A.27     B.31    C.29     D.28
3.Ms. Rossi regards a 90% occupancy rate as excellent.On how many days during the month did the Roadside Motel have a 90% or better rate of occupancy?
A.5.     B.4.    C.6.     D.1.
命题意图:考查学生的观察能力、综合运用多条信息进行数据处理的能力。属五星级题目。
错解分析：（1）读图不仔细；（2）对文章和题干中的关键词汇把握不准确。
解题方法与技巧：（1）仔细阅读本文的文字说明部分，准确把握图表内容；（2）仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。（3）根据“She uses a calendar and  writes the number of units occupied in a small box in the upper right-hand corner of each date”，可知第1题做法为：将7月14日~20日之间的数量相加；第2题做法是：将星期四的总数相加再取平均；根据“Which has 50 units”，和题干的第一句话，可知第3题的做法为：50×90%=45,从表中选取大于或等于45的数目，可推出答案。
答案：1.D   2.A    3.B
2.“Let’s go down one more,push your enter key…”says a volunteer helping senior citizens work a web session on the Internet.
David Lansdale has found a way to light up the lives of the elderly.He gets them wired to the Internet.“If you hit  your enter key,it will bring up this particular e-mail…”
Pauline Allen is one of those who has started using the Internet.“I thought I was through with life,I was ready for a rocking chair,because I was 86 years old.And I haven’t found the rocking chair yet.”“You found the keyboard?”asks the reporter.“That’s right,I found the keyboard.”
The average age of Lansdale’s students is around 68.All are in nursing or assisted care homes.He used family relationships to introduce them to the World Wide Web.
David Lansdale says,“Here they are in California,the family was back  in New York,the opportunity to connect,to cross the time and space,was incredibly precious opportunity to them.”
“I hear you are so beautiful.” Lillian Sher writes an e-mail to a newborn greatgranddaughter.
Working with one another,the senior learn as a group.They learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized:loneliness,helplessness,boredom,
and loss of memory.
Mary Harvey says,“Bingo just doesn’t interest me.But this does,believe me,this does.”
Ninety-four year old Ruth Hyman is a star pupil and instructor.She says,“When I send a letter to my grandchildren,and great grandchildren,they hang it up in their offices,just like I used to hang their drawings on my refrigerator.Ha,ha.”
David Lansdale says,“There’s a collective benefit.There is an element of treatment.Remember we started as a support group.”
Dixon Moorehouse says,“I just wish I was 15 years old and getting to learn all this.”The senior call their weekly meetings Monday Night Live.And many say the meetings have given them new life.
Ruth Hyman says,“Three years ago,they told me I wasn’t going to live.But I showed them,and got work,and I’ve worked ever since.”
4.How many examples does the writer give to prove that the senior enjoy the Internet?
A.Four.   B.Five.   C.Six.   D.Seven.
命题意图：考查学生阅读理解和推理判断的能力。属四星级题目。
错解分析：此题错答C项的学生很多。错误原因主要在于太过粗心而造成的重复计数。
解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，理解文章大意，弄清文中众多的人物及其语言。（2）文章主要讲述老年人学习上网的情况，其中David Lansdale是这一活动的举办者，不应算在本题所要求的数目之内，末段的Ruth Hyman前文已经出现，不应重复计数，故文章中所列实例分别是：Pauline Allen、Lillian Sher、Mary Harvey、Ruth Hyman和Dixon Moorehouse共五人。
答案：B

●锦囊妙计
1.上下文统筹又兼顾，阅读仔细又周到。
2.题干研读需细心，关键词汇要抓牢。
3.图表不放过，文字更重要。
4.切忌重复计数或丢三落四。

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