主谓一致是中学语法的一项重要内容,其内容繁杂,为便于同学们复习,现将其要点归纳如下:

1.以-ics为结尾的学科名称(如politics,physics,phonetics,mathematics等)及以-s为结尾的国名、书名、人名、组织机构名称等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Mathematics (Maths)is a popular subject.
The United States is a developed country.
“The Times” is a famous newspaper in England.
Athens is the capital of Greece.

2.表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的复数名词作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
Three years has passed since he left Shanghai.
Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to us.

3.主语为“one and a half+复数名词”时 ,谓动用单数。
One and a half oranges is left on the plate.
但若是“one or two+复数名词”则应用复数。
One or two students are to be sent there.

4.由“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓动用单数。
Many a foreigner has seen it happen.
More than one baby was killed in the fight.

5.主语为“单数名词+介词短语”时,谓语动词用单数。这类介词或类似结构有:with,like,but,except,besides,including,together with,along with,as well as,no less than,rather than,in addition to,as much as等。
The child as well as its parents was interested in it.
The teacher,together with his students,is planting trees.
No girl besides the boys likes to play football.
The engineer,more than the workers,is responsible for it.

6.everybody,someone,nothing,anybody等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Everybody likes to read the book.
Nothing is wrong with the machine.
但none作主语可用单数或复数。例如:
None of us has/have been to the Great Wall.

7.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,应视其意义确定单、复数。如指的是同一个人或事物,则为单数;如其指的是两个人或事物,则为复数。
Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不等人。(时不待我。)
A knife and fork is on the table.
The owner and editor of the newspaper is my uncle.
The owner and the editor of the newspaper are coming to have a talk with us.
The black and white cat is asleep.
The black and the white cats are asleep.
由and连接的并列单数主语虽指两个人或事物,但其前有ev-ery,each,no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and girl is treated in the same way.
No teacher and no student attends the meeting.

8.主语为“a (this/that)+kind (pair/portion/series)+of+复数名词”时,谓语动词用单数。
 This kind of bicycles is made in Shanghai.
This pair of socks is three yuan.
A series of lectures is scheduled (安排)for students of Senior Grade Three.
但“复数名词+of this (that)kind/pair/series/model”后接复数谓语动词。
Computers of this model work much faster.
How much are shoes of that pair?

9.“each/one/neither/either of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Neither of the students likes maths.
Either of the answers is right.
Each of the workers has his own duty.

10.“the+形容词/过去分词”用来表示一类人或物时,其意义为复数,谓语动词应使用复数。
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer in many places.
The wounded and the young are the first to be taken to safety.
在有些情况下,“the+-ed分词”结构不是指一类人或事物,而仅指某个个体。此时,其后的谓语动词用单数。例如:
The accused was found guilty.被告被发现有罪。
如该结构指代的是抽象概念,则为单数。例如:
The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.

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