英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。

它通常依据三项原则：

1）语法一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。

【语法一致原则】

I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。e.g.

①I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好音乐。

②Are your mother a worker ? (误)你母亲是工人吗？

Is your mother a worker ?(正)（主语your mother 是单数第三人称）

II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。

1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等作主语，用单数谓语形式。e.g.

①The work is important . 这项工作重要。

②To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。

③How and why he left was a sad story . 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。

2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e.g.

①The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料。

②They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。

II. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：

1.通常作复数用 。e.g.

①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。

②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。

③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。

2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。e.g.

①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。

②A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。

③Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真诚是最好的策略。

3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each,every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。e.g.

①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。

②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。

Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：

1. a）“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语：“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g.

①Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。

②A great many parents were present at the meeting . 许多家长出席了会议。

b）"a / an + 单名+ or two " 大多接单数谓语： "one or two + 复名"接复数谓语。e.g.

①Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需说一两句。

②One or two reasoms were suggested . 提出一两条理由。

c）"a / an + 单名+ and a half"常接单数谓语；“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.

①A year and a half has passed . 一年半已过去了。

②One and a half tons of rice are sold . 已卖了一吨半大米。

d） "more than one + 单名"大多接单数谓语。e.g.

①More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席。

"more + 复名+ than one "接复数谓语。e.g.

②More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。

"more than two (three,…)+复名 " 接复数谓语。e.g.

③More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。

2 ，主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre /… )of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。e.g.

 a）①There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。

②Large quantities of water are needed . 需要大量的水。

b）①This kind of apple is sweet . 这种苹果甜。

②This kind of apples is (are) sweet . （大多依 kind ，作单数用 ）

③These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet . （总作复数用）

但:Apples of this kind are sweet . （总作复数用）

3. 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等。e.g.

①A woman with two children has come . 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。

②I as well as they am ready to help you . 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。

4. "one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句"：

1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.

①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”）

②He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一。

2）若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。e.g.

He was the only one of the boys who was praaised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。(关系词who 代 the only one )

【意义一致原则（Notional Concord）】

I. 集合名词作主语时：（参见“名词”部分）

1. 有些通常作复数用（不变词形）。如：“people , police , cattle (牛，牲口)，folk , youth , militia (民兵)”，等。e.g.

The police have caught the murderer .警方已捕获凶手。

2. 有些指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数（不变词形）。如 "army , audience(听众),class ,club （俱乐部) ,company(公司), committee(委员会) ,crew ,crowd ,staff(员工) ,family ,public ,government ,group ,party ,union ,couple ,population ,team ."等。e.g.

①Our family is a happy one . 我们有个幸福的家庭。

②The family are early risers . 这家人都起得早。

③The public are (is )requested not to litter . 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。

但上述集合名词也可有复数形式。如：families , two classes .等。有些变复数形式后意义不同。如：peoples多个民族。 youths男青年。 folks亲友。

II. 代词作主语时：（参见“代词”部分）

1. 不定代词"each ,one , much, (a)little ,elther ,neither ,another ,the other(+单名)"等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.

①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。

②Neither plan suits me .③Neither of the plans suits / suit me . 两个计划都不适合我。

2. 下列复合不定代词一般作单数用：“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,eveything ,nobody ,no one ,nothig ”等。e.g.

 ①Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗？

②There was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。

3. 下列不定代词作复数用：“（a）few ,many ,several， both”等。e.g.

①Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 没几个（客人）是我们熟识的。

②Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . 两部影片都有趣。

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