高中英语语法考点提纲
闵行三中 李峰

[1] 冠词; 数词
泛指与特指
序数词和比较级加冠词
never …a better one
a third one=another=the next
the better one of the two
a most important matter
词组辨异
at table—at the table
out of question—out of the question
go to the cinema—go to a cinema
a second; a most…
the balance of nature; space; the universe;
the telephone (invention)
the Chinese language
专有名词: The Smiths; at Harold's; buy a China Daily; a chemist and mathematician; in the 1980s; in his fifties; The United States(America); the Spring Festival; (an art festival)
a + 不可数名词
a good knowledge of English; a science

[2] 名词;代词;主谓一致
不定代词(复合代词):
指代的单复数: everyone; each; every one; much; most; none; neither; half;
后置修饰语: that定语从句; 形容词后置; 介词短语; 非谓语形式
可否接of短语: everyone-every one; none—no one;
几组辨异词:
other; the other; another; others; the others
none; neither; no one; nothing
every; everyone; every one; each; anyone
any; some; something; anything
few; a few; little; a little
反身代词:
词组; enjoy; devote; accustom; make (…done)—oneself
反身动词(seat; dress; station; locate; hide; devote; adapt; prepare; etc);
自己的怎么说:one's own…; a… of one's own;
集合名词: group; population; audience; team; family; majority; vocabulary; etc.
the cattle; the people; the police; clothes; (pl.)
可数名词与不可数名词: two pieces of paper; a pair of trousers(they; this pair); etc.
two dollars; ten miles;
就近/远原则: neither nor…; -----as well as; together with
else:something else; anyone else; who else; who else's

[3] 形容词;副词
比较句型
as…as,
not so…as,
more…than,
less often than,
the more… the less;
more and more
思考:You can't learn a foreign language overnight___ you can eat a meal in one mouthful. A. no more than B. any more than C. just as D. as if (解法:not=not; not≠yes)
The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you will find English.
A. learning B. to learn C. it to learn D. when you learn
倍数表达
twice as many (cars) as
twice more than
twice the production of
doubled the score of his opponent.
Many things now cost double what they did a few years ago
比较级表最高
more than any other country;
more than the other countries,
more than any of the other countries;
No one can be more strict than he.
I have never seen a more magnificent scene than this.
The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you will find it to learn English.
比较词组
as…as possible,
as… as one can,
as…as anything,
as well as,
and…as well,
so long as,
so far as,
as soon as,
so far,
so as to,
as for,
as a rule,
as a result,
as a matter of fact,
as a whole,
as to;
more than,
no more than,
no less than,
nothing less than,
other than,
no other than,
rather than,
no sooner …than,
no more, not any more,
no longer, not any longer;

[4] 动词;时态和语态
系动词:get; seem; appear; turn; fall; become; remain; stay; prove; turn out; etc.
情态动词用法: should; shall; may; can; dare; need;
have to; used to; etc. (否定;结构辨析)
各种时态的基本用法(时间状语;语境语气;句型;)
句型中的特定时态
It is several years since I saw her last time.
It was several years since I had saw him.
This is the first time I have been here.
That was the second time I had been there.
Jimmy had hardly go to the station when the bus left.
It is high time that you did your homework.
The manager will see you if he is free tomorrow.
The man seems as if he had been there many times
I would have seen the film if I had had time yesterday.(虚拟语气)
He didn't see the result until he left.
It was not until then that he knew he had been cheated.
It is necessary that we should learn hard so as to pass the examination.
I didn't think you were coming today.
It will be long before we take over the city.
It was several years before construction of the building was started..
Go straight and you will see a post across the street.
In the past few years we have built seven highways.
By the end of last year he had learned two thousand words.
So far I have known he is a false friend.
By the time you got there he will have left.
主动语态表被动: prove; blame; sell; turn out; require; result from;

[5] 非谓语动词(参考资料)
非谓语动词是高中语法的重点,也是难点,学生常常对此感到头疼.其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点,做起题来会很轻松.我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式.熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后,做题时可分四步分析.
一,分析句子结构
1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2. ____many times , he still couldn't understand it . A. Having been told . B. ToldC. He was told D. Though he had been told
3. ________to the left , you'll find the post office .
4. If you ________to the left , you'll find the post office .
5. ________to the left , and you'll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned
分析:句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子,因此,前面也是个独立句子成分,故选C.
句2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导,因此,前面不是句子结构,只是句子的一个成分,故选A,非谓语动词作状语.
句3. 同句2,选A .
句4. 前面用if 引导从句,故选C ,构成从句谓语.
句5. 同句1,选C.
二,分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语.非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语.非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致.若不一致,则须加上自己的逻辑主语.
1. ________no buses , we have to walk home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being
2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .
分析:句1. 表示"没有公共汽车",应用"there be"结构,即逻辑主语是"there",故选A .句2. 同理选D.
三,分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系.
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See
这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语.
分析:句1. "地球"被"看起来",表被动,故选A,用过去分词表被动.句2. 我们"主动看……"即表主动,故选B.
3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .
4. _____ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed
分析:句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语,逻辑主语是"the dirty clothes",和动词搭配表示"衣服被洗",故选B.
句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语"the girl",表示"女孩洗衣服",为主动关系,故选D.
四,分析时态,在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问题,即时态.
1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. built
句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修,故用进行式,选C.
句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修,故用表将来的不定式,选B.
句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修,但不能选,因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语,故用过去分词,选D.
又如:
1. He stood there______for his mother .
2. ______for two hours , he went away . A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited
句1表示"站在那等",两个动词同时发生,故选A作伴随状语.
句2表示已经等了两个小时,发生在谓语动词"went away "之前,故用完成式,选D .
需要注意的是,非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目,要认清否定形式,非谓语动词的否定都应将not 放在前面.如:
What is the reason for ______there A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go
何种情况下出现动名词/不定式 (介词; 动词;such as…; 做主语,etc.)
只接 "动名词"做宾语的词:
建议suggest冒险risk去献身devote,
忍受bear/stand期待look forward to不停顿keep.
放弃give up延期put off/delay悔regret失去miss,
坚持insist on/stick to/keep on欣赏enjoy/appreciate/feel like实践practise成finish.
注意pay attention to原谅excuse避avoid反对object to,
考虑consider要求demand/require/need不自禁can't help.
顾及allow for习惯be accustomed to/be used to不介意mind,
值得be worth开始set about想imagine动名.Admit, allow
只接"不定式"的动词:
seem, expect, hope, wish, want, decide, offer, manage, dare, agree, promise, pretend, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend;
"不定式加连词"show, teach, tell, advise, decide, discuss, find out, etc.
Please show me how to get the result.
We have not decided whether to go to his party.
3)两者皆可
忘记停止打算试,害怕继续悔偏爱,意欲愿意有困难.(此处单词为听写内容, ----注)Remember, , forget, regret; stop; go on; be afraid; prefer; mean; try; help(can't help); feel like doing/ would like to do; have difficulty in doing/to do;
require, demand, want, need, be worth主动形式被动意义)
They ____ her going to the party though it was not permitted. A. allowed B. expected C. persuaded D. permitted
The window need ____. A. To mend B. mended C. being mended D. mending
This machine is worth __. A. to buy B. buying C. to be bought D. being bought

[6] 名词从句
思考He showed his companions ___well-chosen presents he had bought for his GF.
A. such B. so C. what D. how
2---that/whether(if) 不做成分
3---who(ever)主,表;whomever宾=people/anyone/everyone (who…) whose(ever) which(ever)
what(ever) 主,宾,表,定
4---when(ever) where(ever) how(ever) why 状----the time/place/reason (when/where/why)
选择连词(结构辨析)
(1)____ of them do you think will teach us Class three A. who B. whom C. which D. what
(2) He sold the house _ he thought was a good price. A. what B. at what C. at which D. at that
(3)The students are all interested in ___ Miss Brown managed to do it. A. which B. what C. seeing D. how
辨别从句(定语/同位语/强调)
(4) We know the truth__ there is water, there is life. A. that wherever B. that C. where D. anywhere
(5)He regrets not having followed her proposal, ____he ____ for granted, that he ____ with me some warm clothes. A. that; takes; take B. which; take; take C. which; has taken; takes D. which; has taken; take
(6)It was in 1920 ____ the poet paid his first trip to America for a new challenge in his writing career ____ he got to know Charlie Chaplin . A. that; when B. when; that C. in that year; that D. in which; when
无论;任何
(7) It remains unknown ____ she killed herself with a gun. A. however B. how ever C. why D. whenever
(8) ______ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter
(9) Our monitor never fails to help ___ has trouble. A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter who D. those who
是否;如果(同位语;介词之后;or not; to do; 歧义; 句首;表语从句)
(10) Does it make any difference ____ or not you sign up for the contest A. that B. if C. whether D. how
谁;任何人who; whoever; one who; those who;
(11) We shouldn't make fun of___ have trouble in learning English. A. anyone who B. whomever C. those that D. who
(12) I still wonder ____ could get into the building through such a small hole in the wall. A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. that who
陈述语序
13)___ do you suppose ____ A. what/that the woman is B. Who/ the woman is C. Whom/the woman is D. what/is the woman
(14) We've have to finish the job, _____. A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
介词宾语
(15) They always give the free tickets to _ comes first. A. whomever B. whoever C. that D. what
(16) Give the money to __ you think is badly in need of. A. whomever B. any one who C. anyone D. whoever
What活用
(17) The ancient map was found in ____ we call Hebei Province now. A. which B. what C. that D. where
(18) This book will show you ___ you have learned in one subject can be applied in other subjects.
That 的用法(形式主/宾语)
(19)We think it important ____ college students should master at least one foreign language. A. which B. what C. that D. why
(20) What made her mother so angry ____ the exam. A. because she didn't pass B. she not passing C. that she didn't pass D. because of her not passing

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