语法专题之一

动词的时态与语态

Part 1. Fill in the form.

时态	所表意义	主动谓语部分构成	被动谓语部分构成
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
一般将来时
将来进行时
将来完成时
过去将来时

Part.2.Please fill in the blanks with the right tense of the words given.

1.He _______(take)a walk in the park every morning.

2.He seldom _____(go)to the cinema.

3.The sun _______(rise) in the east.

4.It snows a great deal here in winter.

5.She will be happy when she_______(hear)the news.

6.I shall give the letter to him as soon as I ____

(see)him.

7.There_____(go) the bell.

8.There _______(come)the taxi.

9.Listen ! Someone ______________(knock)at the door.

10.She ___________(read)a novel these days.

11.John _____________(come)here next Friday.

12.She ____always _______(speak)ill of others

13.Mary___constantly_________(laugh)at him.

14.John_____always______(think) of others.

15-20判断正误

15.The house belongs to my brother.

16.The house is belonging to my brother.

17.She loves swimming better than running .

18.She is loving swimming better than running.

19.They are seeing the sights in the city.

20.A little girl is smelling the scents of the roses.

21—30翻译

21.If today is Saturday, tomorrow will be Sunday.

22.You will get wet if you go out without an umbrella.

23.I am going to write to Henry this evening.

24.It looks as if it is going to rain.

25.I think they are going to win the match.

26.I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven o’clock.

27.The meeting is about to begin.

28.All the questions are to be answered at once

29.We are to take care of all these children.

30.No one is to leave the room without pemission.

e.g. The meeting __in five minutes.

A.is about to begin   B.begin

C. will begin         D.would begin.

注：______________________________

31.At seven o’clock tomorrow morning I shall ____________(watch)TV news.

32.When I get home in the evening, my mother will_____________(prepare)dinner for me.

33.I ________(receive)a letter from my mother last week.

34.She____________(not look)well when I saw him yesterday.

35.She_______(go)out just now.

36.Last month she worked eleven hours a day.

37.Every morning I _______(take) a walk when I lived in the morning.

38.This time yesterday they _________(have)

lunch.

39.What ______were____________(do) at 10 o’clock last night?

40.He ____________(write) while she _______

(read).

41--42翻译

41.She was always finding faults with him.

42.He was constantly asking her questions.

43.She _____________(live)here since 1990.

44.How long____you_______(live)in the house.

45.He _____________(buy)a new bike recently.

46.I ___never__________(be)to England.

47.____you _________(do)your homework?

48.He will come as soon as he _____________

(finish)the homework.

49.We shall wait here until the rain____(stop)

50--54判断正误

50.He has left Shanghai for two years.

51.He has been away from Shanghai for 2 weeks.

52.It is two weeks since he left Shanghai.

53.His grandmother has been died for five years.

54.I have not received her letter for a whole year.

55.He is ill.He ___________(lie) in bed for two weeks.

56.It _____________(snow) since last Sunday.

57.I ___________________(write) letters all the morning.

58.It ___________________(rain),but it has just stopped.

59.I think you ____________________(clean)

all the morning.Your clothes are covered with dust.

60.分析比较下面两句话:

1)The man has drunk the water.

2)The man has been drinking the water.

61.We ___________(finish)the work by three o’clock yesterday.

62.He ________already______(have)breakfast before seven o’clock this morning.

63.He _____________(not learn)English before he came to England.

64.The train _____already_____(left)when I got to station.

65.He asked who _______________(break)the windows?

66.I was very sad at his death.We __________

(be)good friends since our childhood.

67.I lent her the book which I __________(buy)

the day before.

68.I ___________(mean) to come,but it rained.

69.I ____________(hope)to see her again.

70.Everything ________(go)well up to that time.

71.Everything __________(go)well up to now.

72.分析比较下面三组话:

A)He had been living here before he went to Shanghai.

B)I had lived here before he went to Shanghai.

A)     Last night I had been reading a novel when

the bell rang.

B)Last night I was reading a novel when the bell rang.

A)She had been waiting for you when I met her.

B) She has been waiting for you since you left.

73.He said he__________(go)to the north for the holilday.

74.She told me she ________(learn)another foreign language.

75.He said he was _______(finish)the work within a week.

76.I was about _______(go)out when the telephone rang.

77.You ____________(reach)Shanghai by this time tomorrow.

78.We _______________(live)here for thirty years by next Friday.

79.I shall have a rest when I _______________

(finish)the job.

80.If you _______________(get)the letter this time tomorrow.Please let me know.

Part 3.Change the following sentences into passive voice .

1.Many people speak English.

2.She wrote the letter.

3.He will water the flowers in the afternoon.

4.The policeman has caught the thieves.

5.The workers are preparing the watches.

6.He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.

7.Some one has broken the window.

8.I have been watering the flowers.

9.She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month.

10.Last night they had been watching a film when the telephone rang.

11.He was going to learn another foreign language.

12.She was to plant some trees in the yard.

13.By ten o’clock this evening I shall have received my lessons.

14.She asked him some questions.

15.Mother bought me a new coat.

16.They asked the teacher to explain the questions again.

17.My English teacher made us copy the words for five times.

18.People looked down upon him because he is a liar.

19.We must take care of our parents when they are old.

20.The story interested me.

高考要点注释

一：各种时态的意义及用法

一般现在时
　　1. 客观事实与普遍真理，经常性或反复发生的动作及现在状态，常和always , every weekend , never , occasionally , often , on Sundays , seldom , once a week , usually 等状语连用。
　　My mother works at the same company as my father . 我母亲与我父亲在同一家公司工作。
　　Four plus two equals six . 四加二等于六。
　　He takes a walk after supper every day . 他每天晚饭后散步。
　　The sun rises in the east and sets in the west . 日出东方，日落西方。
　2．报刊标题，体育解说或舞台指导
　　CHINA HOSTS OLYMPIC GAMES
　　Charlton passes to Jodan ; Jodan shoots, it's a good goal. 查尔顿传球给乔丹，乔丹投篮，好球。
　3．特殊用法：
　a) 代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句中。
　Please wait till Jane arrives . 请等到简回来。
　b) 表预先安排好的动作，常用于begin , close , depart , finish , open , stop 等动词。
　The concert begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:30. 音乐会定于7时30分开始，9时30分结束。
现在进行时
1.表示现在某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作
 He's talking to his girlfriend on the phone . 他正在和他的女朋友通电话。
2.一些表示状态和感觉的动词（静态动词）一般不用进行时态， 如hate , like , love , believe, think , look (看起来)，mind (在意)，have (有)， seem , remain , contain , deserve , owe , own ,require 等。
3．有些动词（如go , come , stay , leave , start 等）的现在进行时形式也可以表示将来即将发生的动作。
 The plane is leaving for London . 这架飞机要飞往伦敦。
现在完成时
1．现在完成时用来表示过去开始，但持续到现在的动作，或表示过去发生的动作，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。常和already , before , in the past few months , over the past 5 years, just , so far , up to now ,yet 等状语连用。
He can't go on holiday because He has broken his leg . 因为他把腿摔伤了，所以不能去度假。
2．在It is the first time + that – 分句结构或It / This is +形容词最高级+名词后的从句中用现在完成时
It's the third time I have explained this particular aspect of grammar. 这是我第三次讲解这条语法的特殊用法。

He's the most interesting person I have ever met .

现在完成进行时*
　　现在完成进行时用来表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，或者可能要继续进行下去。
The children have been watching TV all morning . 这些孩子整个上午都在看电视。
一般过去时
　　一般过去时主要用来表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , three years ago , in 1998 等）连用。
　　He made the statement at a meeting with Ambassador Last Friday . 上周五他在与大使的会谈中发表了声明。
　　She often came to help me at that time . 那时她经常来帮助我。
　　1. 在时间状语从句中，代替过去将来时。
　　I missed that exciting game , because mother said I couldn't watch before my homework was finished .
　　我错过了那场激动人心的比赛，因为妈妈说我完做作业才能看电视。
　　2. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：
　　a) 现在完成时强调动作现在的结果；过去时着眼过去的动作或状态。
　　He went to Africa . 他到非洲去了。
　　He has gone to Africa . 他已经到非洲去了。
　　He has been to Africa . 他去过非洲。
　　b) 表示过去的时间状语只用于过去时，不能用于现在完成时：
　　He died ten days ago .
　　He has been dead for ten days .
过去进行时                               表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
　　I was practicing my oral English at eight o'clock yesterday evening. 昨晚八点我正在练习英语口语。
　　When I saw her , she was working at the computer . 我看到她时她正在上机。
过去完成时
　　过去完成时用来表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，或者表示过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作。强调过去的过去。常和after , before , by , until 等引导

的时间状语连用。过去完成时的形式是had + 动词过去分词。
　　I waited until he had finished his work . 我一直等到他干完活。
　　1. 过去完成时通常与由介词“by + 表示过去时间的名词”构成的短语连用。例如：
By the end of last week we had already done half of the work. 到上星期为止，我们已经做了一半的工作了。
By the time I left the school I had taught that class for ten years. 到我离开学校的时候为止，我已经教了那个班十年了。
　2. 过去完成时通常用在动词said, told, asked, explained, thought, wondered等引起的宾语从句中。例如：

I told them that I had done enough work for one day.我告诉他们我这一天做的工作够多的了。
She wondered who had left the door open.
　　她想知道是谁没关门。
 3. 在no sooner … than, hardly … when, scarcely … when, barely … when句型中，主句中的谓语动词通常要用过去完成时，从句中谓语动词要用一般过去时。例如：
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
　　他刚一开口说话，听众就打断了他。       过去完成进行时*
　　过去完成进行时用来表示过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在持续。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态，上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去时间。过去进行时的形式是had been + doing。
　　Dick had been smoking for ten years before he decided to give it up last year .
去年狄克决定戒烟，在这之前他已经抽了十年了。
　　She said she had been expecting your good news . 她说她一直期待着你的好消息。
一般将来时
　　主要用来表示将来发生的动作或情况以及未来的倾向：
　　将来时的多种表示法：
　　1. ＂ shall , will +动词原形＂
　　We shall start right away . 我们马上出发。
　　They will leave for HongKong tomorrow. 他们明天动身去香港。
2.be going +不定式,表示最近打算要做的事情。
　　What are you going to do this evening ? 你今天晚上干什么？
　　The wall is going to be painted green . 这堵墙将被漆成绿色。
　　3. ＂be to do＂ 表示按计划，日程要发生的事情。　We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约定在学校门口见。
　　There is to be a test in the tenth week. 第十周将有一次考试。
　　4. ＂be about +不定式＂ 表示“正要”，“刚要”发生的动作。
　　Autumn harvest is about to start . 秋收就要开始了。
5. 一般现在时表示将来

6. 现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作
将来进行时
　　将来进行时由shall或will+be +现在分词构成用来表示在将来的某一段时间正在发生的动作，或按计划在未来将要进行的动作。
　　This time next week she will be working in that company . 下星期的这个时候她将在那家公司工作。
　　I'll be waiting for you at the hotel after supper . 晚饭后我将在旅馆等着你。
将来完成时
　　将来完成时由shall 或will +have done 构成用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。将来完成时常与by the end of this month, by then (5 o'clock) , this 　　　time next week , by the time 等时间状语连用。
　　We hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic . 我们希望在出发去野餐以前雨就已经停了。
　　I'll have done all the work by the time you are back this evening . 你们今晚回来的时候我就将作完全部工作。
　　1. 将来完成时通常与：“by+将来时间”和＂by the time that＂结构连用。例如：
　　① By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.
　　到2050年，科学家们可能已经找到了治愈癌症的方法。
　　② By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.
　　等你到达伦敦的时候，我们已经在欧洲呆了两星期了。
　　2. 在时间从句和条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时，表示将来某时业已完成的动作。例如：
　　① You'll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.
在学习这个学科一段时间之后，你就会喜欢它的。
   ② I'll go and see the exhibition as soon as I have finished my work.

  我一做完作业就去看展览。
过去将来时
　　表示在过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况，多见于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。其形式由would 或be going to 加动词原形构成。
　　He said that he would get married soon . 他说他不久就要结婚了。
[注] 和一般将来时一样， 过去将来是也有其它相应的表达形式。如 was (were)going to do 等。