名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses). 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语,宾语,表语,同位语,介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.
17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思. 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语.
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
17.2 名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句. That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义.名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语,宾语,表语,同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气.
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去.
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
事实是近来谁也没有见过他.
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安.
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴.
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚,整个计划注定要失败.
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事.

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
17.3 名词性wh-从句
由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句.Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词.Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语,宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人.
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲.
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖.
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位.
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to.
她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字.
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来.
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.
我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请.
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿.
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作.
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明.
17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
这一计划是否可行还有等证实.
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完.
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money.
问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他.
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.
他们调查他是否值得信赖.
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.
她怀疑我们是否能够前来.
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期.
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.
请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人.
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划.
17.5 否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式.
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你.
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来.
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移.
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧.
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面.
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去.
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气.
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定.
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人. (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人.
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式.)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前.
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食.
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.
(否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事.
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.
(否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷.
名词性从句练习
( )1.__ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. What B That C. The fact D. The matter
( )2. __ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
( )3. The photographs will show you ___.
A. what does .our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
( )4. Can you make sure __ the gold ring
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
( )5. Please read __ you like.
A. whatever B. no matter what C. that all D. all what
( )6. Ask her __ come with us.
A. if she will B. if will she C. whether she D. whether will she
( )7.__ we need money is quite clear.
A. If B. What C. That D. Why
( )8. the car can be used has not been known yet.
A. If B. What C. That D. Whether
( )9. will take part in this English speech contest will be announced over the radio.
A. Whoever B. Who C. Which D. Those
( )10.__ knows the secret will come here.
A. Whoever B. Those C. Everyone D. Anyone
( )11.__ happened __ he is unfit for the office.
A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that
( )12. __ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out D. When is the plan carried
( )13. That's __ the Party requires us to do.
A. that B. why C. how D. what
( )14. Energy is __ that makes things work.
A. what B. something C. anything D. everything
( )15.__ we can't understand is __ he didn't join us in our discussion.
A. That; why B. Which; how C. What; what D. What; why
( ) 16. The fact __ he is a model teacher is well known.
A. what B. which C. why D. that
( ) 17.1 have no idea__.
A. how fast does light travel B. how fast light travels
C. that fast does light travel D. that fast light travels
( ) 18. We were warned __ the experiment would be dangerous.
A. if B. whether C. how D. that
( )19.I wonder __ he made such a careless mistake.
A. how B. that C. what D. why
( )20.We all know __ he is getting along well with his studies.
A. that B. how C. what D. which
( )21. __ do you think will join us in the work
A. Whom B. Who C. That D. How
( )22.1 will give the book to __ wants to read it.
A. whoever B. whomever C. whom D. that
( ) 23. She often thinks of __ she can do more for her motherland.
A. what B. how C. that D. which
( )24. We took __ for granted that they would accept our advice.
A. that B. this C. it D. them
( )25. He came back to the classroom to see __ he __ anything in it.
A. that; had forgotten B. that; had left
C. if; had left D. if; had forgotten
( )26. The teacher asked __ his students.
A. what matter was with B. which matter was with
C. what was the matter with D. what was matter with
( )27.1 don't know __.
A. who of them should we elect B. who of them we should elect
C. which of them I should elect D. which of them should I elect
( )28. They express the hope __ they would come over to China again.
A. which B. whom . C. what D. that
( )29. __ that the scientist will give us a talk next month
A. Is true B. Is it true C. It' s true D. It' s truly
( )3 A: you did B: No, as a matter of fact I didn't need to.
A. Is that what B. Is what that C. What is that D. Is that which
( )31.__ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
( )32.1 know nothing about Jim __ he is an American.—
A. except B. besides C. except for D. except that
( )33. __ doesn' t matter much __ dress you are going to wear.
A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who
( )34.__ we do must be in the interests of the people.
A. Things B. That C. Whatever D. No matter what
( )35.The reason __ we were late is __ we missed the train.
A. why; because B. why ; that C. why; why D. that; that
( )36.That he hasn't come is __ he is busy writing the papers.
A. that B. why C. because D. the reason
( )37.The question is __ the book is worth reading.
A. if B. whether C. how D. what
( )38.__ is not known yet.
A. When she has gone B. Where she has gone
C. How did she leave D. Why did she go
( )39. When and where we __ the meeting __ still a problem.
A. have; are B. shall have; is C. had; is D. will have; are
( )40. Word came __ his poem won the first prize.
A. that B. whether C. as D. because
( )41. China isn't__she used to be.
A. that B. which C. like D. what
( )42. Can you tell me __ you go to the evening school per week
A. how soon B. how often C. how long D. how much time
( )43.__ the man was a thief, the boy watched him closely.
A. To think that B. Thinking that
C. To think about that D. Thinking it that
( )44. __ is going to America for further study.
A. He is said that B. People said that he
C. It was said he - D. It is said that he
( )45. That is __ paper came into use in China.
A. how B. that C. what D. that
( )46. It makes no difference __ we'll share the office with.
A. if B. whether C. who D. that
( )47.1 don't know __ they will do with this old machine.
A. how B. what C. that D. when
( )48.1 don't know what to do__.
A. if he doesn' t come B. whether he doesn' t come.
C. if he comes or not D. both A and B
( ) 49. Take care __ nothing happens to the baby!
A. that B. what C. why D. what
( )50. A: Where is my dictionary B: It's __ you left it.
A. when B. there C. where D. there where
名词性从句高考试题选练
He asked ______ for the violin.
did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
Can you make sure ____ the gold ring
where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
____ she couldn't understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. what; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _____ he had done the day before.
A. that B. how C. where D. what
____ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
_____ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. That B. If C. Whether D. Whenever
What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
_____ is no possibility ____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether
These wild flowers are so special I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
_____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
I remember _____ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
Go and get your coat. It's ____ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off
why B. when C. what D. where
They have no idea at all _____.
where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place he has gone D. where has he gone
No one can be sure _____ in a million years.
what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
The reporter said that the UFO _____ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party.
left; had arrived B. left; arrived
C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived
We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ______ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
-- I think it's going to be a big problem.
-- Yes, it could be.
-- I wonder _____ we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
23. There is a feeling in me ______ we'll never know what a UFO is not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
24. Perseverance is a kind of quality and that's _____ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
25. _____ be sent to work there
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
26. - Are you still thinking about yesterday's game
--Oh, that's _____.
A :what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
27. Eat _____ cake you like and leave the others for ______ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever
C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
28. People have heard what the President had said; they are waiting to see ______ he will do.
A. how B. what C. when D. that
29. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need _____.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
从句混合练习
( )1. The people invited to the ball may dress __ they please.
A. however B- whatever C. wherever D. whenever
( )2.1 can't quite remember __ you started doing the work.
A. that it was when B. when it was that
C. when was it that D. that was it when
( )3. Last Sunday morning I set out early to call for Joan, only __ her seriously ill in bed.
A. finding B. found C. to find D. find
( ) 4. One can't know what he can actually do __ he or she tries.
A. but B. if C. as D. until
( )5. A: Xiao Li, you wash the clothes today,__ B: But I washed them yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you
( )6. Please tell me __ you would like to have your coffee black or white
A. what B. whether C. when D. how
( )7. Is this the factory __ you visited the other day
A. in which B. which C. where D. the one
( )8. But the fact remains __ we are behind other groups.
A. that B. when C. what D. it
( )9. We leave it to your own judgment __ you should do it.
A. because B. that C. whether D. what
( )10. This is the museum __ we saw an exhibition the other day.
A. where B. which C. that D. in that
( )11. __ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it in time.
A. No matter B. No wonder C. Though D. However
( )12. He has __ few friends that he often feels lonely.
A. such B. so C. such a D. only
( )13. The old man has two sons, __ are lawyers.
A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of that
( )14. That is the girl __ father has just been spoken.
A. of whose B. of whom C. whose D. who
( )15.__nothing can be done.
A. Till he will return B. Until he is going to return
C. Until he returns D. Till he is coming
( )16. In the bag he found a piece of paper __ some special words.
A. which was written B. on that were written
C. on which were written D. where were written
( )17. It seemed only seconds __ the boy finished washing his face, so I went over to him to make sure that it was a good job.
A. when B. till C. after D. before
( )18.__ there were no buses, we had to walk home.
A. While B. For C. Unless D. As
( )19. You can write about __ topic you can think of.
A. whatever B. what C. that D. which
( )20. Don't __ the pupils do in their spare time as something unimportant.
A. regard that B. consider that C. look that D. treat what
( )21.I wonder why he didn't do it as __.
A. told him B. he told C. told to D. telling to
( )22. It was already dark __ he had finished his work.
A. in time B. on time C. at that time D. by the time
( )23. It is nicer to go with somebody __.
A. as to go alone B. as going alone
C. than to go alone D. than going alone
( )24. There is __ in this glass __ that one.
A. as much milk; as in B. much milk; as in
C. milk as much; as D. so much milk; like
( )25. It was __ he was ill that he was absent yesterday.
A. now that B. since C. because D. as
( )26. In order to improve English, __.
A. Jenny's father bought her a lot of tapes
B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny' s father
( )27.1 shall stay in the hotel all day __ there is news of the missing child.
A. in case B. no matter C. in any case D. ever since
( )28. John wanted to play basket ball. ____, it was raining and he stayed at home.
A. However B. Or C. And D. But
( )29. He studied hard, ___ he succeeded in passing the exams.
A. but B. or C. and thus D. but still
( )30. Teachers should have patience. _____, children would never learn anything.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. For
( )31. ____ has made China ____ she is today
A. What, that B. That, what C. What, what D. That, that
( )32. ____ frightened us ____ two lights appeared suddenly in the darkness.
A. It was, that B. What, most was that C. It, mostly that D. What, most was what
( )33. A: What if you ____ B: I won't be discouraged whether I ____.
A. will lose, win or lose B. lose, will win or lose
C. lose, win or lose D. will lose, will win or lose
( )34. They are good friends. ____ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That C. There D. It
( )35. The Yellow River, ____ to be "the mother river", runs across China like a huge dragon.
A. saying B. to say C. said D. referred
( )36. A: Haven't the curtains been drawn yet
B: No, ____ the lamps outside have already been lighted.
A. though B. since C. when D. after
改错:
1. People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together.
2. They will change the rules, invent new games, and forget some games, they will never stop playing.
3. "and David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.
4. Charles said, "As soon I see a real tall building, I want to climb it. "
5. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.
6. However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. 7. in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels.
8. If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.
9. I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together
10. I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had.
11. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.