知识要点：
 1、熟悉并掌握各个连接词、关系代词和连接副词的用法。
 2、熟悉并掌握复合句即名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句。
 什么叫复合句
 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。
 从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。
主从复合句（Complex Sentences）

一、从句的种类：
 主语从句（Subject Clauses）
1、名词性从句 表语从句（Predicative Clauses）
Noun Clauses 宾语从句（Object Clauses）
 同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）
2、定语从句 （Attributive Clauses）
3、状语从句 （Adverbial Clauses）
注：以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有：
 （1）It + be + 形容词 + that从句
 （2）It + be + 名词词组 + that从句
 （3）It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
 （4）It seem, happen等不及物动词 + that从句

二、常用的关联词
1、从属连词   that（无词义）；whether是否；if假如，是否
   although(though)虽然；because因为
   when当…时候；before在…前；after在…后
   since既然，自从；as正如，尽管，一边，由于；while在…期间
   as soon as一…就；as long as只要；as if好像
2、连接代词   who, whom, which, what, whose
3、连接副词   when, where, why, how
4、关系代词   who, whom, whose, which, that
5、关系副词   when, where, why

 1、主语从句：
 连 that   That he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。   that在句首不可省去
 词 whether   Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。   主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。
主语 连接代词 who, what, which, whatever  
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 
主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般
从句 连接副词 when, where, why, how  
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。

 2、宾语从句：
 陈述意义 that
 I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。
We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。   that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
疑问意义 if, whether  
 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
  Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
  I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。
  He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day. 他不在乎天气是否好。   whether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。
  作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。
从句是否定句时一般用if引导。
特殊疑问意义 who, whom,which,whose,what, when, where, why, how,whoever, whatever, whichever  
  Please tell me what you want. 请告诉我你需要什么？
  She always thinks of  how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
  She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。   宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。
 注1    We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。   如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。
注2    We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
  I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。   think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移动主句中。

 3、表语从句：
连词 that, whether, as if
The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。
It looks as if it’s going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。   在非正式的文体中that可以省去。
连接代词 who, what, which
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。   表语从句位于主句系动词之后
连接副词 when, where, why
how   This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
  That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
 
 4、同位语从句：
由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。   The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。
  I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
  The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
  He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。   同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。

 名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that 、who、 whom、 what 、whether及 when、 where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：
 1、主词从句：
 That light travels in straight line is known to all .
 (That 引导主语从句不可省）
    When the plan is to take off hasn’t been announced ．
 主语从句通常以it 做形主语出现
 It was my fault that I had him play foatball all faternoon.
 It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.
 2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语
     是 reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because．
 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
 3、宾语从句that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句 
      时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。
 The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America．
 4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在
     从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：
 The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong．( 同位idea在从句中
      无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea的内容）。
 The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong ．(定语从句，idea做put forward 的宾语)。
【专项训练】
  1．I wonder how much          ．
 A．cost these shoes     B．do these shoes cost    C．these shoes cost    D．are these shoes cost
 2．Nobody knew            ．
 A．where he comes     B．where he was from    C．where he is from     D．where does he come from
 3．Excuse me ,would you please tell me            ．
 A．when the sports meet will be taken place ．
 B．when was the sports meet going to be held．
 C．when is the sports meet to begin ．
 D．when the sports meet is to take place ．
 4．Cornputers can only give cut            has been stored in them .
 A．that        B．which       C．what       D．anything
 5．She wanted to know           ．
 A．whether I knew her and where did she work
  B．if I knew her and the factory she worked there
 C．wherther I knew her and the factory she worked
 D．if I knew her and the factory where she worked
 6．My friend wouldn’t tell me           his new car ．
 A．how much he paid for    B．how much did he pay
 C．he paid how much for    D．did he pay how much
 7．A simple experiment shows            air has some strength ．
 A．what       B．that       C．which       D．who
 8．He           you are not going abroad．
 A．surprised that      B．is surprised that      C．surprised at      D．is surprised whether
 9．Father asked             ．
 A．what was wrong with me   B．what’s wrong with me
 C．what wrong was with me   D．what wrong is with me
 10．It doesn’t matter              I rest or not ．
 A．if        B．whether      C．that       D．when
 11．The trouble is           we are short of tools ． 
 A．what       B．that       C．how       D．why that
 12．That is             there appears a rainbow in the sky ．
 A．what      B．when     C．why       D．however
 13．           I can’t understand is            he wants to change his mind．
 A．That , that      B．Which , what        C．What , what     D．What, why
 14．It is possible            he misunderstood           I said．
 A．that ,that       B．what, what       C．what , that      D．that , what
 15．The thought           he might fail in the exam worried him ．
 A．which       B．that       C．when        D．/
 16．The fact           he is an orphan is well known．
 A．what      B．that       C．which      D．/
 17．            I was free that evening
 A．It happened to      B．It happened that        C．That happened     D．It was happened that
 18．          I will accept the gift is none of your business．
 A．If        B．Whether        C．What       D．Which
 19．          I have will be yours sooner or later ．
 A．No matter what    B．No matter whatever        C．Whatever      D．That
 20．He always thinks            he can do more for the people．
 A．of how       B．how        C．of that       D．why
 21．           in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday ．
 A．It says       B．It is said         C．It has said      D．He is said
 22．We think it important          college students should master at least one foreign language ．
 A．which       B．that        C．what      D．whether
 23．Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on          he saw and heard in Britain．
 A．what      B．all what        C．that       D．which
 24．The town is no longer            it was ten years ago．
 A．which       B．that        C．what      D．when
 25．            told yuou that was lying ．
 A．who       B．whoever        C．Anyone       D．The person
 26．Word came           I was wanted at the office．
 A．which       B．why       C．that       D．whether
 27．           nothing to do with us ．
 A．What he did is     B．What he has done      C．What did he do     D．What he has done has
 28．The problem is            will go ．
 A．that        B．that who        C．who       D．whoever
 29．          there is life on another planet is almost impossible．
 A．How       B．That         C．Why       D．Whether
 30．          was a well -known fact．
 A．That their team was weak  B．That their team being weak
C．Their team was weak   D．If their team was weak

【答案】：
1 C  2 B  3 D  4 C  5 D  6 A  7 B  8 B  9 A  10 B
11 B  12 C  13 D  14 D  15 B  16 B  17 B  18 B  19C  20 A
21 B  22 B  23 A  24 C  25 B  26C  27 D  28 C  29 B  30 A