语法系列复习专题十一－状语从句、常用动词及搭配（一）

状语从句
状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果、条件、让步等八种。
一、时间状语从句：
引导词有after，before，as，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，as soon as，the moment/minute…（一…就），the time,the day,every time,next time,each time，by the time of，no sooner…than（一…就），hardly…when（一…就）．例如：
Each/Every time he comes here,he will drop in on me.
每次他来这儿他都顺便看我．
He was ill last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他病了．
No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.她一听到这个消息就哭了．
[辨析]when与while
when引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的，while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的；在“be…when…”句式中when表“at that time(就在这时)”意，这样用的when不能换为while；while有时并不表示时间，而表示对比，意“而”、“却”，when无这样的用法。例如：When I got home I found the door locked./While(或When)we were working in the fields,it suddenly began to rain./He was wandering through the streets when a bike hit him./His pencil is red,while mine is yellow.
[辨析]till与until
一般情况下可以互换，但until可以位于句首，till则不能。例如：
Until it stops raining，the children cant go out.雨停了，孩子们才能出去．
＝Not until the rain stops can the children go out.

二、地点状语从句
引导词有where，wherever.例如：
Ill go wherever the people want me to go.(wherever＝to any place where)
He works where his grandfather fought.(where＝in the place where)
Where there is a will,there is a way.(Where＝In the place where)

三、原因状语从句
引导词有because,since,as,now(that)(既然)
回答以why提出的问题时，只能用because,而不能用as等。
since＝now(that),表“既然”意，表示已知的或明显的原因，由此加以推论。例如：
Now that/Since you are free today,you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.
for 是一个并列连词，用来连接两个并列句，引导的句子是对前面一句话的内容的推测或补充说明。例如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet./The day has broken,for the birds are singing.(这两句中的for都不可换为because或as,since等。)

四、目的状语
引导词有so that,in order that,that,in case（免得，以防）。目的状语从句谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。例如：
He ran as fast as possible in order that he could catch the bus./Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.请明天再提醒我一下，以免我忘记。

五、方式（或比较）状语从句
引导词有as,as if,as though,than,as/so…as,the more…the more.例如：
Tom is not so/as tall as John./It looks as if it is going to rain./He runs faster than I.
注：as…as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，so…as只能用于否定句。

六、结果状语从句
引导词有so…that,such…that,so that.例如：
1. He works so hard that he makes great progress in his studies.
2. Its such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.
3. Theres not any noise here so that I feel very comfortable.
第3个例句中so that从句不是目的状语从句，从结构上看没有can,may等情态动词，从意思上看I feel very comfortalbe是Theres not any noise的结果．

七、条件状语从句
引导词有if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that,in case（如果）等，从句的时态用一般现在时（含现在完成时），一般过去时（含过去完成时）分别代替一般将来时和过去将来时。例如：
If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there./He said he would not go back home unless he had achieved a lot./Ill study so long as. Im alive./In case he come,let me know.如果他来的话，告诉我一声。
If 引导的条件句可以是真实性条件句，也可以是非真实性条件句（用于虚拟语气）

八、让步状语从句
引导词有though,although,even if,even though,as,whoever,whatever,
however,no matter＋what/who/when/…等。例如：
Though/Although he is ill,he still goes to school./She started her experiment,even though she had little money./Whatever you found,you must turn it in./However hard he worked,he hardly made any progress.
    as 作“尽管”意时，一般将其句中的表语放在句首，例如：Young as he is,he knows a lot.＝Although he is young,he knows a lot.若表语为名词，冠词要省略，例如：
Child as/though he is,he has remembered a lot of English words.(此句中though不可换为although)
although或though不能与but同时出现在一个复合句中，但是“Although/Though…，(and)yet…”句式却是正确的。例如：
Although it is raining heavily,yet they are repairing the bridge.

状语从句考点分析
1.If you go to Xian,you will find the palaces there more magnificent than   
  commonly    .(上海高考)
      A.supposing      B.supposed       C.to suppose     D.suppose
析：than后实际上是一个比较状语从句的省略式，其完整形式是than they are
    commonly supposed.所以答案为B.
    2.We wont give up    we should fail ten times.(NMET)
      A.even if      B.since      C.whether       D.until
      析：观察题干，空白处应填一表“即使”之意的词，故应选A.
    3.－What was the party like?
      －Wonderful.Its years    I enjoyed myself so much.(NMET)
      A.after     B.when        C.before        D.since

     析：答话者既然说“Wonderful”,那么后面的话必然是对此作进一步的补充说明，
         只有选Ｄ项才能表达“我多年未曾这么开心过了”意思。注意这儿的since从
         句中谓语动词enjoyed是延续动词，该句相当于I havent enjued myself so
         much for years.
     4.John plays football    ,if not better than,David.(NMET)
       A.as well      B.as well as     C.so well    D.so well as
    析：if not better than是插入语，可将其撇开，这时空白处要填as well as才
    能与David相连接，D项在此不可用(so…as只能用于否定句)。A、C两项皆少
    as，故答案为B。
    5.If we work with a strong will,we can overcome any difficulty,    great it
      is .(NMET)
      A.what    B.how    C.however    D.whatever
    析：观察题目，可知空白处要填一词与great合表“无论多大”意。而however＝
        no matter how,与great一起正好表此意，其余项都不能表这意思。故答案为
        C。
    6.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially    Father was
      away in France.(NMET)
      A.as     B.that    C.during     D.if
    析：首先可以排除C，因为during是介词，不能引导从句。B项that,Ｄ项if 都
        不能引导原因状语，故只能选A、as表“因为”。
7.She thought I was talking about her daughter,    ,in fact I was talking
      about my danughter.
      A．whom              B．where              C．which         D．while  
    析：空白处需填一个表示转折对比的连词，while可表“而”、“却”意，故答案为D.
8.     I admit his good points I can see his bad ones.
  A.when              B.as               C.while              D.before
析：若选A、B或D，admit应改为admitted，can应改为could,因为when,as
   表示“当…的时候”before表“在…之前”，通常涉及过去某时发生的动作、情
   况．此题选C，while在此不表“当…的时候”意，而表“虽然、尽管”意。全
   句意思是“尽管我承认他的优点，我还是看到他的缺点”。

状语从句专练
1.     I get to Pairs,Ill call you up at the airport.
  A.Since              B.While              C.Once           D.Altough
2.     the headmaster comes, we wont discuss this plan.
  A.Unless             B.If not             C.Except         D.Whether
3.Bill must have been away from the office.    how many times I phoned
  him,nobody answered it.
  A.Whatever           B.No matter         C.In spite  of      D.Though
4.I had been to Beijing long       you visited it.
  A.before              B.till             C.after            D.when
5.    ,he is good at drawing.
  A.To be a child                          B.A child as he is
  C.As a child                             D.Child as he is
6.Dont be discouraged      you have fallen behind others.
  A.whether              B.as if            C.even if         D.however
7.We can get there on time      the car doesnt break down.
  A.while              B.as long as         C.so that         D.even if
8.The vase on the left is      than the one on the right,and not     .
  A.more nicer；so expensive                 B.much more better；as expensive
  C.nicer；as expensive                    D.better；such expensive
9.It wasnt long      he joined the job.
  A.that                B.before           C.until           D.and
10.These planes can fly      than the old ones.
   A.as fast three times                    B.three times as fast
   C.three times fast                       D.three times faster
11.     had the bell rung     the students took their seats.
   A.Hardly；when                           B.No sooner；when
   C.Hardly；than                           D.No sooner；then
12.     many times，but he still couldnt understand it.
   A.Having been told                        B. Though had been told
   C.He was told                             D.Having told
13.    we have come,lets stay and enjoy it.
   A.For                B.As                C.Because            D.Since
14.Youd better do      you are required.
   A.like               B.which             C.that           D.as
15.     that none of us could follow him.
   A.He spoke very fast                      B.So fast he spoke
   C.Too fast he spoke                       D.So fast did he speak
16.Ill start early,      it may be dark.
   A.however             B.whether           C.if            D.though
17.     the baby fell asleep      the room.
   A.After；did the mother leave            B.Not until；did the mother leave
   C.Not until；the mother left            D.Soon after；the mother had left
18.     the day went on,the weather got worse.
   A.With               B.Since              C.As              D.While
19.He cant have gone out,      the light is still on.
   A.because                B.since             C.as              D.for
20.I was walking along the river     I heard a cry for help.
   A.while                  B.since             C.when          D.as
21.We shouldnt do that dangerous experiment      the teacher is with as.
   A.if not               B.if                C.unless        D.as long as
22.He has      little education     he is unable to find a job.
   A.such；that           B.so；and          C.so；that         D.such；and
23.The soldier was wounded，    he pushed on.
   A.for                B.and                C.so            D.yet
24.The full letter reads     follows.
   A.like                B.as                C.that             D.which
25.Will you go      our motherland needs us most after graduation?
   A.that          B.where         C.in which          D.to the place which
26.This is a revision paper.When you do it,youd better make a mark    you
   have questions.
   A.where               B.the place           C.as if           D.since
27.Water power station are built    big water falls.
   A.where there are                          B.where there have
   C.which has                                D.which are
28.I am sure Ill meet kind－hearted man     I go.
   A.where        B.to the place where        C.wherever        D.the place 
29.She is so good at playing table－tennis that she can hit the ball     she
   wants it to go.
   A.the place where         B.that          C.in which         D.where
30.It was     his mother came in     to prepare his lessons.
   A.not until；did the boy begin            B.until；that the boy began
   C.until；did the boy begin                  D.not until；that the boy began

状语从句专练答案：
1－5 C A B A D            6－10 C B C B D         11－15 A C D D D
16－20 D B C D C          21－25 C C D B B        26－30 A A C D D

常用动词搭配（一）

△含break词组：
1.break away from 摆脱、逃掉、改掉、断绝来往。
例：The little boy broke away from his mother and ran away.
2.break down 损坏、身体衰弱。例：The car broke down.
3.break in 闯入、插嘴。vi.例：Dont break in when others are speaking.
4.break into 闯入、打断，突然开始。例：They broke into the house.
5.break out 爆发、发生。例：A quarrel broke out between them.

△含call词组：
1.call for 叫（某人），接（某人），要求、需要。
例：Ill call for you tomorrow morning.
2.call in 召集、召来。例：Wed better call in a doctor.
3.call on/upon 访问、探望（某人）、号召。例：I called on him yesterday.
4.call at 访问、探望（某处）。例：I hope to call at your office some day.
5.call up 给…打电话、使人想起。例：The picture calls up scenes of my childhood.

△含catch词组
1.catch/take/get hold of 握、抓住。例：He caught hold of the pigs ear.
2.catch sight of＝see 看到、发现。例：The little girl cried as soon as she
  caught sight of her mother.
3.catch up with 赶上。 例：He tried to catch up with his classmates.

△含come词组
1.come along 一起来，来到、快点。例：Come along,or well be late.
2.come back 回来，恢复知觉、复活、被回忆起来。例：When he came back he found
  himeself tied to a tree.
3.come down 下来，下降、跌价。例：I dont think the price of meat will come
  down.
4.come in 进来。vi.
5.come on/upon 快点、赶快、进展、进行、偶遇。
6.come out 出来、出版。例：The magazine comes out weekly.
7.come to 到达、谈到、涉及、合计、总计。
8.come up 走过来、走近、长出、发芽。例：The seeds hasnt come up yet.

△cost，spend，pay，take
1.cost 句型：sth. cost money/time；sth.cost sb. time/money/劳力

2.spend句型：表“花费时”：sb.spend time/money on sth./(in/on)doing sth.
              表“度过时”：sb.spend time 等＋介词＋场所、活动等。
例：We spent two hours in a pleasant talk yesterday.
3.pay句型：pay sb.(money),pay(money)for sth, pay sb.for sth,sb.is paid
词组：pay off 付清，pay back 归还、偿还、报答，pay attention to 注意 
4.take句型：1)sth.takes time/money/energy
例：The journey will take two days.
2)sth.takes time/money/energy to do
例：The work took us three hours to finish.
3)It takes(sb.)time/money/energy to do sth.
take词组：
1)take…away.拿走、移动
2)take back 收回、撤消
3)take care of 照顾、注意
4)take down 记下、写下、取下
5)take off 脱去、起飞
6)take place 发生、举行
7)take up 提出，从事，占（时间、地点等）
例：take up a problem 提出一个问题， take up the struggle 从事斗争，
    take up much room 占很多地方
8)take…out 取出、拿出

△含do 词组
1.do some cleaning/washing/shopping/…打扫卫生／洗东西／买东西／…
2.do ones lessons/homework 做功课／做作业
3.do wrong 做坏事、犯罪
4.do sb.good/harm/wrong/a favour＝do good/harm/wrong/a favour for sb.
  对某人有益／有害／冤枉／帮忙
5.do away with 取消、废除
6.do ones best 尽力、努力
7.do well in 做得好，在…方面取得好成绩
8.do with 对付、处理，与…相处。例：He is difficult to do with.他很难处。
9.have sth.to do with 与…有关
10.do something/nothing 采取措施／未采取措施