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中高级口译定语从句的翻译 |
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作者:soosun 文章来源:www.51education.net 点击数: 更新时间:2006-8-24 |
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作者:汪亮 上海新东方学校资深翻译、口译教学专家、口译教研组成员。南京师范大学英语语言文学硕士,主讲中高级口译等。 定语就位置而言,有前置、后置和插入。定语从句有限定性和非限定性定语从句两种。就性质和功能而言,可以译成条件、原因、结果、目的、让步和转折等状语从句;就译文的形式来讲,可以译成并列句、独立句和复合句等。 限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制性作用,与先行词关系非常密切。翻译这类句子可以采用以下方法: 1. 前置 把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语,从而把复合句译成简单句。反之亦然。例如: He who doesn’t want to be a general isn’t a good soldier. Gui Lin is a place where there are gorgeous mountains and rivers. Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 2.后置 把结构复杂且较长的定语从句后置,译成并列分句。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理: A. 重复先行词。例如: China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996. Although he is a greenhand, he has enterprise and creativity which are decisive in winning success in the field. He has great determination and courage which I need badly as a manager. I met an old man last year who was once regarded as the best master of Chinese painting. B. 省略先行词。例如: It is she who wrote the letter that announced the break out of the war. I gave him a gift which I didn’t see at all. They worked out a new method by which efficiency has now been dramatically improved. 3. 融合法 A. 定语从句的主句里有“there be”、“to be”等动词时,可以把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起,译成简单句。例如: There are some students in the class who dislike studying. This is the very knife which he used to murder the victim. This was the period when Newton began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Gravity. B. 定语从句的动词在整个复合句中分量较重,可将其主句压缩成词组译作主语,而把定语从句的动词译作其谓语。例如: “The best way to play basketball well is to take it easy and enjoy it,”said an American basketball player. He had great success in football which made him an idol in the eyes of every football player. 非限制性定语从句 非限定性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用,只对其加以描写,叙述或解释。翻译这类从句有以下方法: 1. 译成带“的”的前置定语 一些较短且具有描述性的非限定性从句,可以译成带“的”的前置定语。例如: John,who has grey hair,is believed to be one of the most attractive figure. You, whose predecessors scored initial success in medical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect. 2. 译成带有状语性质和功能的定语从句 A.表原因 The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from. No one in the company likes their boss,who is stingy and bad-tempered. B. 表结果 They quarelled with each other everyday, which led to their divorce. C. 表让步 He insisted on buying another car, which he actually didn’t need.. My father,who thought it might not work,supported me. D. 表目的 This company,which wants to get their new product sold well in the market,is trying hard to perfect its packing and workmanship. E. 表转折 She is quite considerate and kind,which her younger sister never is. To succeed in this area,one needs profound knowledge and experience,which few has. A new product which has beautiful packing,good quality and advertising may very likely be a hit in market Any one who works hard and never gives up will succeed. (转载请注明出处) |
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文章录入:soosun 责任编辑:51education |
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