坚持开放合作　寻求互利共赢
——在亚太经合组织第十六次领导人非正式会议上的讲话
（2008年11月22日，秘鲁利马）
中华人民共和国主席　胡锦涛 

尊敬的加西亚总统，
Honourable President Garcia,

各位同事：
Colleagues,

很高兴同大家再次相聚，就共同关心的国际和地区问题交换意见。加西亚总统和秘鲁政府为会议作了周到细致的安排，我对此表示感谢。
I am very pleased to get together with all of you again and to exchange views on international and regional issues of common concern. I would like to express my thanks for the painstaking arrangements that President Garcia and the Peruvian government have made for this meeting.

当前，经济全球化深入发展，亚太区域、次区域合作快速推进。本地区正在成为世界经济发展的重要动力。与此同时，世界和亚太地区也面临诸多不稳定不确定因素，主要表现为：国际金融市场剧烈动荡，金融危机对全球实体经济的消极影响逐步显现，世界经济增长放缓，粮食安全和能源安全问题突出；世界贸易组织多哈回合谈判停滞不前，贸易保护主义有所抬头。此外，环境污染、重大自然灾害、重大传染性疾病等非传统安全问题依然严重存在。这些问题对世界经济健康稳定发展构成了严峻挑战。在国与国相互依存日益紧密的今天，面对上述挑战，任何一个成员都很难置身事外。解决这些问题，有赖于所有成员共同努力。我们主张，面对新的复杂局面，各方应该秉持开放合作的理念，化挑战为机遇，努力实现互利共赢。
At this time, economic globalization is developing in depth, and Asian-Pacific regional and sub-regional cooperation is moving forward rapidly. This region is becoming an important driving force for world economic development, but at the same time, the world and the Asian-Pacific region are facing numerous unstable and uncertain factors. They are mainly manifested as: international financial markets are in turmoil, the negative impact of the financial crisis on the global real economies is becoming gradually evident, world economic growth is slowing down, and issued related to food security and energy security are becoming prominent: the WTO Doha Round talks are bogged down, and trade protectionism is gaining ground. In addition, non-traditional security issues such as environmental pollution, major natural disasters, and major contagious diseases still exist. These issues pose severe challenges to the healthy and stable development of the world economy. Today, with increasingly close dependency among countries, it is very difficult for any member country to stay aloof from the above-mentioned challenges. Resolution of these issues will require the joint efforts of all member countries. We maintain that, faced with the new and complicated situation, all parties should adhere to the concept of opening up and cooperation, turn challenges into opportunities, and strive to bring about mutual benefits and win-win results.

各位同事！
Colleagues!

当前，国际金融危机蔓延迅速、波及广泛，是世界经济增长面临的最严峻挑战。有效应对金融风险，维护国际金融稳定，促进世界经济发展，是各国各地区共同面临的重要而紧迫任务，需要国际社会增强信心、加强协调、密切合作。上周举行的二十国集团领导人金融市场和世界经济峰会在这方面取得了积极成果。在此，中方提出以下几点主张。
At this time, the international financial crisis is spreading rapidly and affecting a wide range of sectors and is the most severe challenge confronting world economic growth. Effectively dealing with financial risks, safeguarding international financial stability, and promoting world economic development are important and urgent tasks for various countries and various regions, and this demands that the international community enhance confidence, step up coordination, and maintain close cooperation. The G20 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy last week made positive results in this regard. Here, the Chinese side would like to put forth the following points.

第一，为遏止不断恶化的金融危机，各国应该迅速采取有效措施，加强宏观经济政策协调，完善信息沟通，尽可能互相提供帮助，采取一切必要的财政、货币手段，遏制金融危机扩散和蔓延，稳定全球金融市场，积极促进经济增长，尽量减轻这场金融危机对实体经济的损害，避免发生全球性经济衰退。
First, to contain the financial crisis which is worsening, all countries should adopt effective measures, step up coordination on macroeconomic policies, improve information communication, provide assistance to each other as much as possible, and adopt all necessary financial and monetary means; all countries should contain the expansion and spread of the financial crisis, stabilize global financial markets, actively promote economic growth, alleviate the harm brought by this financial crisis on the real economy, and avoid a global economic recession.

第二，国际社会应该认真总结这场金融危机的教训，在所有利益攸关方充分协商的基础上，把握建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序的方向，坚持全面性、均衡性、渐进性、实效性的原则，对国际金融体系进行必要的改革，创造有利于全球经济健康发展的制度环境。改革国际金融体系，既要反映金融监管的普遍规律和原则，又要考虑不同经济体的发展阶段和特征，平衡体现各方利益，尤其要体现新兴市场国家和发展中国家利益。要加强国际金融监管合作、完善国际监管体系；推动国际金融机构改革、提高国际金融机构切实履行职责能力；鼓励区域金融合作、充分发挥地区资金救助机制作用；稳步推进国际货币体系多元化，共同支撑国际货币体系稳定。各类金融机构和中介机构应该加强风险管理、提高透明度，下决心加大对短期资本流动和金融创新风险的监管和预警。
Second, the international community should conscientiously sum up the lessons of the financial crisis. It should conduct necessary reform of the international financial system and create a system environment conducive to healthy global economic development on the basis of full consultation among all parties concerned, by grasping the direction for building a new international financial order which is fair, just, inclusive, and orderly, and by upholding the principle of being comprehensive, balanced, and progressive and striving for substantial results. Reform of the international financial system should reflect the general laws and principles of financial supervision and should also give consideration to the development stage and characteristics of different economic entities and embody the interests of all parties concerned and especially the interests of emerging markets and nations and developing countries. It is necessary to step up cooperation in international financial supervision and improve the international supervisory system; push for reform of international financial institutions and raise the ability of international financial institutions to realistically fulfil their responsibilities; encourage regional financial cooperation and give full play to the role of regional funding assistance mechanisms; and, steadily promote diversification in the international monetary system and jointly support the stability of the international monetary system. All types of financial institutes and intermediate institutes should step up risk management and raise transparency and be determined to increase supervision and early warning on short-term capital flow risks and innovative financial products.

第三，从长远看，有必要切实改变不可持续的经济增长模式，解决好各自经济发展存在的深层次问题。我们还应该充分关注这场金融危机对发展中国家的影响，向相关国家提供必要支持，帮助发展中国家保持发展势头。
Third, from the long-term perspective, it is necessary to realistically change unsustainable economic growth modes and resolve deep-level issues existing in our respective economic development. We should pay full attention to the impact of this financial crisis on developing countries, provide necessary support to relevant countries, and help developing countries maintain their developmental momentum.

为应对金融危机，中国在力所能及的范围内作出了积极努力，采取了一系列重大举措，包括确保国内金融体系稳定、增加金融市场和金融机构的流动性、密切同其他国家宏观经济政策的协调和配合，等等。中国还根据国内外经济形势变化，调整宏观经济政策，采取了降低银行存款准备金率、下调存贷款利率、减轻企业税负等措施。最近，中国政府又出台了更加有力的扩大国内需求的措施，从今年第四季度到2010年底，中国将增加4万亿元人民币投资用于加快民生工程、基础设施、生态环境建设和灾后重建，同时增加居民特别是低收入群众收入，提高居民消费能力。这必将有力推动中国经济发展，也有利于促进世界经济发展。
China has made positive efforts within its ability to deal with the financial crisis and adopted a series of major measures including measures to ensure stability in the banking system in China, increase liquidity in financial markets and financial institutes, and coordinate and cooperate closely with macroeconomic policies employed by other countries. Based on the changes in the economic situation at home and abroad, China has adjusted its macroeconomic policies and adopted measures to lower the required bank reserve ratio, cut the deposit and lending rates, and ease corporate tax burdens. The Chinese government has recently introduced even more effective measures to expand domestic demand, and from the fourth quarter of this year to the end of 2010, China will invest nearly 4 trillion yuan in projects related to the people's livelihood, infrastructure, eco-environmental construction, and post-disaster reconstruction. Also, China will work to increase income for residents and especially for low-income people and raise the spending power of its residents. This will certainly and effectively spur on China's economic development, and it will also help promote world economic development.

中国愿继续同国际社会一道，共同维护国际金融市场稳定。中国也愿同亚太经合组织各成员一道，加强金融领域经验交流和能力建设。我们支持设在上海的亚太财经与发展中心继续发挥能力建设平台作用，为各成员开展更多培训和能力建设活动。
China is willing to continuously work together with the international community and jointly safeguard stability in international financial markets. China is also ready to join all APEC member countries in stepping up the exchange of experiences and the building of capabilities in the financial field. We support the role of the Asia-Pacific Finance and Development Centre [AFDC] located in Shanghai in continuously serving as a capability-building platform to carry out more training and ability-building activities for various member countries.

各位同事！
Colleagues!

开放合作、互利共赢，不仅应该成为应对当前金融危机的指导思想，而且应该成为解决当前全球经济社会发展中突出问题的基本精神。根据本次会议议程，我愿就当前国际经济社会发展中的突出问题谈几点主张。
Opening up and cooperation as well as mutual benefits and win-win results should become the guiding ideology for dealing with the current financial crisis and should also become the basic spirit for resolving prominent issues existing in the current global economic and social development. Based on the agenda for this meeting, I would like to talk about several stances on prominent issues existing in the current international economic and social development.

第一，凝聚共识，推动多边贸易体制健康发展。公平、开放的多边贸易体制有利于地区和全球贸易稳定增长，有利于促进世界经济健康发展，符合各方利益。我们应该坚定对多边贸易体制的信心，对多哈回合谈判给予强有力支持。我们应该坚决反对贸易保护主义，推动多哈回合谈判早日复谈并取得全面、均衡的成果。作为多边贸易体制的重要补充，我们也赞成在充分考虑本地区现实和照顾各方关切的基础上，不断推进区域经济一体化进程，包括将亚太自由贸易区等设想作为远景目标开展研究。
First, reach a consensus on and promote healthy development of multilateral trade systems. Fair and open multilateral trade systems are conducive to the stable growth of regional and global trade, help promote healthy world economic development, and are in line with the interests of all parties concerned. We should strengthen confidence in multilateral trade systems and provide strong support for the Doha Round talks. We should resolutely oppose trade protectionism and push for the resumption of the Doha Round talks as soon as possible to realize comprehensive and balanced results. As an important supplement to multilateral trade systems, we also favour, on the basis of giving full consideration to the reality of this region and concerns of all parties concerned, constantly promoting the process of regional economic integration, and this includes tentative plans like regarding an Asian-Pacific free trade zone as the long-term goal and conducting research on them.

第二，承担责任，共同应对气候变化。各方应该根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》的要求，遵循共同但有区别的责任原则，积极落实“巴厘路线图”谈判，并结合自身情况采取有效的政策措施减缓气候变化。森林保护是应对气候变化合作的重要内容。去年，我提出了建立亚太森林恢复与可持续管理网络的倡议。在各方共同努力下，这一网络已在北京正式启动。中国政府将在未来几年内为该网络运行提供一定的专项资金，希望各方积极支持和参与。
Second, assume responsibilities and jointly deal with climate change. In accordance with the requirements set forth in the "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" and the "Kyoto Protocol," all parties concerned should abide by the principle of joint but different responsibility, actively implement the "Bali roadmap" talks, and adopt effective policies and measures to alleviate climate change. Forest protection is an important content of cooperation in dealing with climate change. Last year, I initiated the proposal to establish the Asia-Pacific Network for Sustainable Forest Management and Rehabilitation [APFnet]. With joint endeavours from all parties concerned, this network has been officially launched in Beijing. The Chinese government will provide a specific amount of special funding for the operation of this network over the next few years, and I hope all parties concerned actively support and take part in this.

第三，交流合作，合力抗击自然灾害。近年来自然灾害频发，在亚太地区造成重大人员和财产损失。在抗击自然灾害的过程中，各成员积累了丰富经验。这些经验是全人类的宝贵财富，我们应该加强相互交流和学习。应对特大自然灾害往往超出一国能力范围，需要国际社会支持和帮助。为加强亚太地区相关交流合作，今年中方提出了《亚太经合组织灾害应对与合作基本原则》，我们也希望成员们考虑开展一些灾后恢复重建的长期合作项目，以推动亚太经合组织防灾救灾合作不断走向深入。
Third, make exchanges and cooperation and jointly combat natural disasters. Frequent occurrences of natural disasters in recent years have caused major personnel and property losses in the Asian-Pacific region. In the process of fighting against natural disasters, various APEC members have accumulated rich experiences. These experiences are the valuable wealth of all human beings, and we should step up mutual exchanges and emulations. What it takes to deal with catastrophic natural disasters often exceeds the capacity of any single country and requires support and assistance from the international community. To step up relevant exchanges and cooperation in the Asian-Pacific region, China put forth the "Basic Principle for Dealing With Disasters and Cooperation within the APEC" this year, and we also hope that APEC members consider launching some long-term, cooperative, post-disaster reconstruction projects to push forward cooperation in disaster prevention and disaster relief among APEC members.

第四，规范引导，强化企业社会责任。当前的金融危机给我们的一个重要启示就是，企业在追求经济效益的同时，应该在市场运作中采取谨慎、稳妥、负责任的态度，充分顾及整个经济平稳运行，认真应对各种风险和隐患，主动防止因自己经营不当给经济发展和人民生活带来冲击。这是每一个企业特别是跨国企业对社会应尽的责任。企业应该树立全球责任观念，自觉将社会责任纳入经营战略，遵守所在国法律和国际通行的商业习惯，完善经营模式，追求经济效益和社会效益的统一。各国政府应该加强引导和监督，通过制定和完善法律，为企业自主履行社会责任创造良好环境。
Fourth, standardize guidance and strengthen the social responsibility of enterprises. The current financial crisis gives us an important inspiration, and that is, as enterprises seek economic results, they should adopt a prudent, steady, and responsible altitude towards market operations, give full consideration to overall stable economic operations, conscientiously deal with various types of risks and hidden worries, and take the initiative to prevent the impact of improper management on economic development and the people's livelihood. This is the duty that every enterprise, and especially every transnational enterprise, has to society. Enterprises should establish the concept of global responsibility, voluntarily include social responsibility in their management strategy, abide by the laws of the country where the enterprises operate and international common business practices, improve their management models, and pursue unity of economic results and social results. Various governments should step up guidance and supervision and create a good environment for enterprises to fulfil their social responsibility through drawing up and improving laws.

第五，协调行动，确保世界粮食安全和能源安全。粮食问题和能源问题不仅事关各国经济和民生，也事关全球发展和安全。我们应该本着共同发展的理念，积极有效协调政策，多方面采取措施，共同维护世界粮食安全和能源安全。我们应该重视粮食生产，增加投入，依靠科学技术，扩大粮食供给；改善粮食贸易环境，建立公平合理的农产品贸易秩序；加强宏观协调，抑制市场过度投机，稳定粮食市场价格。有能力的国家应该向深陷粮食危机的国家特别是发展中国家提供帮助。中国政府已经承诺，愿向粮食紧缺的发展中国家增加出口和援助。
Fifth, coordinate action to ensure food security and energy security around the world. Food and energy issues affect the economy and the livelihood of various countries, and they also affect global development and security. Motivated by the concept of common development, we should actively and effectively coordinate policies, adopt measures in many areas, and jointly safeguard food security and energy security in the world. We should attach importance to food production, increase input, and expand food supply by relying on science and technology; improve the food trade environment, build a fair and reasonable trade order for agricultural products; strengthen macroscopic coordination, curb excessive market timing, and stabilize food market prices. Countries with the ability should provide assistance to other countries and especially to developing countries when there is a serious food crisis. The Chinese government has pledged to increase exports and aid to developing countries with food shortages.

我们应该树立和落实互利合作、多元发展、协调保障的新能源安全观，加强能源开发利用的互利合作和政策协调，实现能源供应全球化和多元化，努力构建先进的能源技术研发和推广体系，倡导增加使用清洁能源和可再生能源，为维护世界能源安全作出不懈努力。中国政府高度重视能源安全问题，努力构筑稳定、经济、清洁、安全的能源供应体系，并致力于建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，实现可持续发展。
We should establish and implement the new energy security concept of mutually beneficial cooperation, diverse development, and support coordination, step up coordination on mutually beneficial cooperation and policies for energy exploration and utilization, and bring about global and diversified energy supply. We should strive to build a system for advanced technical energy research and development and popularization, advocate increasing the use of clean energy and renewable energy, and make unremitting efforts for world energy security. The Chinese government has attached great importance to energy security issues, worked hard to build a stable, economical, clean, and safe energy supply system, and devoted its efforts to building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society and achieving sustainable development.

各位同事！
Colleagues!

亚太经合组织成立近20年来，围绕贸易和投资自由化便利化和经济技术合作开展了大量工作，为促进区域经济一体化和亚太大家庭建设作出了积极贡献。近年来，亚太经合组织采取了一系列重大改革措施，组织协调能力有所加强，合作活力和效率显著提高。中国愿同各成员一道推动亚太经合组织向前发展。在这一过程中，我们应该坚持经济合作论坛的性质和非约束性的合作方式，这符合亚太地区多样性和差异性突出的现状；应该继续平衡推进经济技术合作和贸易投资自由化，特别是要在经济技术合作方面加大投入，加强发展中成员能力建设，缩小发展差距。为此，中方愿考虑在2010年承办亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议，为各方在这一领域交流经验、推动合作提供平台。
Since its founding almost 20 years ago, the APEC has performed a great deal of work in the liberalization and convenience of trade and investment and economic and technical cooperation and made positive contributions to promoting regional economic integration and strengthening the big APEC family. In recent years, the APEC has adopted a series of major reform measures, improved its organizational and coordination ability, and significantly raised its cooperation enthusiasm and efficiency. China is willing to work with various APEC members to jointly push the APEC forward. In this process, we should uphold the nature of economic cooperation forums and a non-restrictive cooperation style, and this falls in line with the current condition of prominent diversity and divergence in the Asian-Pacific region; we should continue to balance between promoting economic and technical cooperation and promoting trade and investment liberalization, and in particular, we should increase inputs for economic and technical cooperation, step up the capability-building of APEC members which are developing countries, and reduce developmental gaps. To this end, China is ready to consider sponsoring the 2010 APEC Ministerial Meeting on Human Resources Development to provide all parties concerned with a platform for experience exchanges and cooperation promotion in this field.

各位同事！
Colleagues!

今年对中国是不平凡的一年。中国人民经受住了严重低温雨雪冰冻、四川汶川特大地震等自然灾害的考验，成功举办了北京奥运会、残奥会。在这个过程中，中国人民得到了包括本组织成员在内的国际社会的巨大支持和真诚帮助。在这里，我代表中国政府和人民对此表示衷心的感谢。
This year is an extraordinary year for China. The Chinese people successfully resisted and fought back a snow disaster in extreme cold and the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan and successfully hosted the Beijing Olympic Games and Paralympics. I would like to take this opportunity to express sincere thanks on behalf of the Chinese government and people to the international community, including APEC member countries, for their enormous support and assistance given to us in combating the catastrophic natural disasters and hosting the Beijing Olympics and Paralympics!

今年是中国改革开放30周年。经过30年的改革开放，中国成功实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的伟大历史转折，经济持续快速发展，人民生活水平大幅提高，各项社会事业显著进步。同时，我们也清醒地认识到，中国仍是世界上最大的发展中国家，我们在发展进程中遇到的矛盾和问题，无论是规模还是复杂性，都是世所罕见的。中国要全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，进而基本实现现代化、实现全体人民共同富裕，还有很长的路要走，还要继续艰苦奋斗。中国人民将坚定不移地推进改革开放，继续为推动经济社会全面协调可持续发展、为实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标而奋斗。
This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up. Through reform and opening up over the past 30 years, China has successfully achieved the great historical transition from a highly centralized planned economic system to a dynamic socialist market economic system and from a closed and semi-closed society to a society of all-round opening up, enjoyed sustainable and rapid economic development, raised the people's standard of living by a large margin, and made remarkable progress in various social undertakings. At the same time, we should also clearly see that China is still the largest developing country in the world, and the contradictions and difficulties that we face in the course of development are quite unique in terms of their scale and complexity. China wants to fully build a higher-level of a well-off society [xiao kang she hui] which will benefit a population of over one billion people and thereby basically bring about modernization and achieve common prosperity for all people; there is still a long way to go, and China still needs to make arduous struggles. The Chinese people will unswervingly advance reform and opening up and continuously strive to promote all-round, coordinated, and sustainable economic and social development and bring about the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

在经济全球化深入发展的今天，中国的前途命运同世界的前途命运日益紧密地联系在一起。中国需要和平稳定、和谐合作的国际发展环境，也愿为营造这样的环境贡献自己的力量。我愿重申，中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路，始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，始终不渝谋求和平的发展、开放的发展、合作的发展，为推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界贡献自己的力量！
Today, as economic globalization develops in depth, China's future and destiny are increasingly tied with the world's future and destiny. China needs an international development environment that is peaceful, stable, harmonious, and cooperative and is willing to contribute its efforts to create this kind of environment. I would like to reaffirm that China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, unswervingly practice the open strategy of mutual benefits and win-win results, unswervingly seek peaceful development, open development, and cooperative development, and make efforts to promote and build a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity.

谢谢各位。
Thank you.