M: Where have you been, Kate? F: I've been at the garage for the last two hours. M: What happened? Did you have an accident? F: No, nothing happened. But we haven't had the car checked since February. It's needed an oil change for a long time. M: I know. Have you gotten the car back? F: No. They've worked on it since four thirty, but they haven't finished it yet. M: Well, when can we get it back? F: I'll pick it up on Friday. M: That's good. Then, we'll have it for the weekend.
现在我们再来听英文老师用慢速度把刚才亨利和凯特的对话念一遍.
M: Where have you been, Kate? F: I've been at the garage for the last two hours. M: What happened? Did you have an accident? F: No, nothing happened. But we haven't had the car checked since February. It's needed an oil change for a long time. M: I know. Have you gotten the car back? F: No. They've worked on it since four thirty, but they haven't finished it yet. M: Well, when can we get it back? F: I'll pick it up on Friday. M: That's good. Then, we'll have it for the weekend.
下面我请英文老师把刚才那段对话里包含了今天要学的语法的句子再念一遍 给你听
F: I've been at the garage for the last two hours. F: We haven't had the car checked since February. F: It's needed an oil change for a long time. F: They've worked on it since four thirty.
M: Henry has been in his office. M: have a cup of coffee F: Henry has had a cup of coffee. M: read today's newspaper F: Henry has read today's newspaper. M: do some exercises F: Henry has done some exercises. M: write a report F: Henry has written a report. M: see Nancy F: Henry has seen Nancy.
M: Has Kate taken her car to the garage? F: Yes, she has taken her car to the garage. M: Has Kate bought some gasoline there? F: Yes, she has bought some gasoline there. M: Has Kate paid for the gasoline? F: Yes, she has paid for the gasoline. M: Has the gasoline been quite expensive recently? F: Yes, it has been quite expensive recently. M: Has the cost of gasoline increased? F: Yes, it has increased. M: Has Kate's car needed an oil change for a long time? F: Yes, it has needed an oil change for a long time. M: Has Kate waited in the garage? F: Yes, she has waited in the garage.
三.I've 和 She's
以前我们练习过把 have not 简缩为 haven't, 把 has not 简缩为 hasn't. 下面我们来练习怎么样把代名词跟 have 或是 has 连起来说. 比方 I have 说成 I've, they have 说成 they've, she has 说成 she's 等等. 现在我们来作两组练习, 内容都是亨利和凯特吃过晚饭之后话家常.第一组练习是亨利问凯特是否已经作了某些事情, 凯特用 I've 作肯定的答覆.请你注意听亨利问问题, 并且跟凯特一起回答问题.
M: Have you taken the car to the garage yet? F: Yes, I've taken it to the garage. M: Have you been to the new supermarket yet? F: Yes, I've been there. M: Have you given Peter his weekly allowance? F: Yes, I've given him his weekly allowance. M: Have you sent the package to Jenny yet? F: Yes, I've sent it to Jenny. M: Have you heard about Linda's new boyfriend? F: Yes, I've heard about him.
F: Has Nancy moved to the suburb yet? M: Yes, she's moved to the suburb. F: Has Nancy bought a car yet? M: Yes, she's bought a car. F: Has Nancy gotten used to driving to work? M: Yes, she's gotten used to it. F: Has Nancy decided to get married? M: Yes, she's decided to get married. F: Has she told you about going to New York for her honeymoon? M: Yes, she's told me about it. F: Has Nancy planned to come over for dinner next Saturday? M: Yes, she's planned to come over.
四.SINCE 和 FOR
刚才我们复习了现在完成式,同时也学了一些新词,现在我们要学习两个连词,就是 since 跟 for 的用法. 这个两个字常常跟现在完成式句子一起用. since表示 "自从一个特定的时间开始", for 表示 "时间持续了多久". 现在我们来听英文老师念一些句子, 比较这两个连词的用法.
M: Henry and Kate have been married since 1962. F: They have been married for a long time. M: Henry and Kate have lived in Seattle since 1965. F: They have lived in Seattle for a long time. M: Henry has worked as a fireman since 1970. F: He has worked as a fireman for many years.
M: Has Henry wanted to be a fireman? M: He was a child. F: Henry has wanted to be a fireman since he was a child. M: Has Henry worked as a fireman for a long time? M: 1970 F: Henry has worked as a fireman since 1970. M: Has Henry ever worked for the city government? M: He got married. F: Henry has worked for the city government since he got married. M: Has Henry been very busy with his job? M: last month F: Henry has been very busy with his job since last month.
在下面一组练习里老师问学生一些有关凯特当教员的问题, 每问一句, 老师就提出一个指明时间长短的词组, 请学生用 for 跟这个词组来回答问题. 请你在学生作练习的时候也一起作.
M: How long has Kate been a teacher? M: a long time F: She's been a teacher for a long time. M: How long has Kate taught in elementary school? M: many years F: Kate's taught in elementary school for many years. M: How long has Kate taught this year? M: 6 months F: Kate's taught for six months this year. M: How long has Kate been in school today? M: 4 hours F: Kate's been in school for 4 hours today.
M: Henry hasn't seen his cousin, Susan. M: last year F: Henry hasn't seen his cousin, Susan, since last year. M: Henry hasn't written to his daughter, Jenny. M: two weeks F: Henry hasn't written to his daughter,Jenny,for two weeks. M: Henry hasn't eaten any meat. M: last week F: Henry hasn't eaten any meat since last week. M: Kate hasn't heard from her sister. M: April F: Kate hasn't heard from her sister since April. M: Kate hasn't taken a trip M: the year before last F: Kate hasn't taken a trip since the year before last. M: Kate hasn't bought any expensive clothes. M: 10 months F: Kate hasn't bought any expensive clothes for 10 months.
Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their cars. The family car has been a common thing since the early 20th century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved outside of the large cities to the suburbs. Some Americans spend two hours a day or more in their cars going to work and home again. Cars have become the means of transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations. Americans used to like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, however, the cost of gasoline has increased, smaller cars have become more common. Also foreign cars have become very common. Americans have bought large numbers of Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well.
第一个问题是: M: How long has the family car been a common thing in the United States? 第二个问题是: M: How has the family car changed American life? 第三个问题是: M: Do Americans only buy American cars?
现在我们再听英文老师把刚才那段文章用慢速度念一遍.
Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their cars. The family car has been a common thing since the early 20th century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved outside of the large cities to the suburbs. Some Americans spend two hours a day or more in their cars going to work and home again. Cars have become the means of transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations. Americans used to like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, however, the cost of gasoline has increased, smaller cars have become more common. Also foreign cars have become very common. Americans have bought large numbers of Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well.
现在请你回答下面三个问题. 每回答一句就请你自己跟老师念的正确答案比 较一下, 看你答对了没有.
第一个问题是: M: How long has the family car been a common thing in the United States? F: The family car has been a common thing in the United States for over 40 years. 第二个问题是: M: How has the family car changed American life? F: Many Americans have moved to the suburbs. Cars have become the means of transportation for most Americans going to work, going shopping and going on vacations. 第三个问题是: M: Do Americans only buy American cars? F: No, Americans have bought cars from Japan, Germany and several other countries.