综合英语二课程介绍及题型举例
考核目标

　1． 词汇
　（1） 《综合英语（二）》认知词汇5，500～6，000，熟练掌握其中2500左右最常用的搭配和短语，并正确使用它们。
　（2） 了解和掌握各种词性的变化规则，掌握英语的基本构词规则，并在阅读时能根据所学的规则猜出从学过的词派生出来的常用词。
　2． 语法
　（1） 对英语的基本语法有准确、清楚、完整的认识。
　（2） 系统地掌握英语句子的基本结构以及英语基本的修辞手法（强调、倒装、省略）的构成和用法。
　（3） 能运用所学的语法规则以及句子结构的指示谴词造句、集句成章，在阅读和翻译中能够解决篇章层次上的各种语法问题。
　3． 阅读
　（1） 能读懂常见体裁的中等水平非专业题材的英语材料，并能根据上下文猜出生词的意思。
　（2） 要求了解所读材料的中心思想，抓住主要论点或细节、明确作者的基本态度，并能根据其内容进行一定的推理和分析。
　4． 写作
　（1） 要求在半小时左右就《综合英语（二）》上下册的31篇课文的内容用130～150个词回答一个大问题。
　（2） 要求格式正确、语言得体。
　（3） 要求内容切题、条理清楚、语法基本正确、语言基本通顺、用词基本得当。
　5． 翻译
　（1） 能运用所学的词汇和语法规则将一般非技术专业的汉语句子译成英语，意思准确、无重大语法错误。
　（2） 能在半小时左右将与课文难度相仿的200词左右的文章译成汉语，理解正确，译文较为通顺。
二．命题原则
　1. 合理按排测试项目的能力层次。每份试卷中测试各种能力层次的项目所占的分数比例一般为：识记10%，领会30%。简单运用20%，综合运用40%。
　2. 合理安排测试项目的难度结构。题目难易程度分为：易、较易、较难、 难四个等级。每份试卷各种难易程度题目所占比例为：易占20%，较易占30%，较难占30%，难占20%。实体的难易程度和能力层次是两个不同的概念。在每个能力层次的项目中都包含难易程度不同的问题。命题过程中同时兼顾这两种不同结构的问题。
三．试题题型
　试题题型共7类：
　1． 选择正确的语法形式和单词或词组填空
　考查学生对所学语法现象及词汇的掌握。语法题涵盖要求掌握的所有语法现象，词汇题限制在课文中出现的单词及其搭配。
　题型举例
　I. Complete the sentences with best choice
　1. Though poor my English is, I manage to make myself---------------.
　　a. understand b. understood c. understanding d. being understood
　2． He couldn’t ---------an answer when I asked him why he was late.
　　a.have access to b. set off c. search for d. come up with
　key: 1. b 2. c
　作题技巧： 要作好此项选择题，就要熟练掌握所学的语法现象、单词及词组。在作词汇方面的题时，要注意空白处与前后词的搭配关系、此词或词组的确切含义，然后根据提议确定选项。如上面第2题 a. have access to 的意思是可以接近，b. set off 的意思是出发、动身；使爆炸；使某人作某事 c. search for 的意思是寻找 d. come up with 的意思是提出，提供。 根据题义，应选择c. 在作语法方面的题是，要根据所学语法知识，确定正确的答案。如上面第1题 a. understand 是及物动词后面须跟宾语，但句中没有，故排除 c. understanding, make 后面应接不带to的动词原形，故c也应排除。d. being understood, make 后面不能这样接，因此也是错的 b. understood, make 后面可以接make sb. done or make sth done, 所以正确答案应是 b.
　2．词形转换
　考查学生对词形变化规则和英语构词法的掌握情况。本项要求学生在理解句子意思的基础上，将括号内的词作恰当的变化填入空白处，使句子完整。
　题型举例
　II.Complete the sentences with a word derived from the one in bracket.
　 1.The air was soft with----vapor of melting snow, as if some delicate flowers were blooming at hand. (fragrance)
　2. I have an ---of the other’s feeling and thoughts, and I experience something of the core of that person. (aware)
　Key: 1. fragrant 2. awareness
　作题技巧： 掌握英语构词法和词形变化是做好这类题的关键。其次要确定空白处所要填的词的词类。如上面第1题，空白处应是形容词，说明vapor的特点，形容名词的词应是形容词。fragrance的形容词是fragrant. 第2题，空白处应是名词，因为此词在冠词后面，并且作have的宾语，故答案应是awareness.
　3. 完形填空 （ A 或 B）
　(A)考查考生对语法、词汇、惯用法、句型综合运用能力以及一定的阅读理解能力。本项为一篇短文其中有15个空白，每一个空白由4个选项。 要求考生在理解短文的基础上，选出一个最佳答案，使短文的内容和结构正确。本题的短文选自教材以外的文章，其难度程度相当于教材中的完型填空练习题。
　(B) 考查考生对所学的课文熟悉程度及对词汇和句法的熟练程度。 本项从指定教材的课文中选出长度为150～200词的片断，抽掉15个词，留出相应的空白，要求考生填入与课文一致的词。
题型举例
　III.Cloze (A or B)
　A. Complete the passage by putting in the blanks the correct choice.
　　Do you have trouble sleeping at night ? they maybe this is for you.
　　When you can’t sleep but kept tossing and---1---in bed, trying to find a comfortable---2--,you are probably only making matters worse.—3—happens is that your heart rate actually increases, making it—4—to relax.
　　You may also have some bad habits that are partly responsible—5—the problem. Do you rest frequently during the day? Do you get practically—6—exercise? Or do you exercise vigorously late—7—the day? Do you think about sleeping a lot, or sleeping –8—to your insomnia by disrupting your body’s—10---rhythms.
What should you do then on those—11—nights? Don’t bother with sleeping pills; they can actually cause—12---insomnia later. The best thing to do is to drink milk or—13—cheese or tuna fish. They are all rich—14—amino acid that helps produce in the brain a neurotransmitter that induces sleep. This will help you relax, and you’ll be on the way to a good—15—sleep.……
　1.a. moving b. rolling c. stretching d. turning
　2.a condition b. position c. situation d. solution
　3.a All b. That c. What d. Which
　4.a. easier b. easy c. less difficult d. more difficult
　5.a. for b. to c. because of d. in spite of
　6.a little b. no c. enough d. much
　7.a. for b. about c. on d. in
　8.a. late b. lately c. later d. latter
　9.a causing b. leading c. resulting d. producing
　10.a. artificial b. mechanical c. natural d. original
　11. a. asleep b. sleeping c. sleepless d. sleepy
　12. a .worse b. greater c. less d. poorer
　13.a. swallow b. take c. taste d. eat
　14. a. on b. with c. in d. of
　15. a. night b. nightly c. night’s d. nights
　Key: 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. d 5.a 6.b 7.d 8. a 9.b 10.c 11. c 12.a 13.d 14.c 15.c
　作题技巧：. 首先要快速阅读全文，掌握全文的大意。完型填空的短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空白，它是文章的开篇重要信息源，尾句往往在文章中起到画龙点睛的作用。在快速阅读中要找出短文的关键词语。然后要逐句细读，弄清句意和句法功能，根据所提供的答案，确定最佳选项。最后要通读短文，根据所学过的语法、词汇等方面的知识，看所填的词是否能使该句句法完整，意思合理。
　Ｂ。The following paragraph is taken from one of the texts you have learned. Put in the missing words in the blanks.
　　One year Rudolf sailed all the way out to Iceland and began working his way—1—that rocky coast from one town to—2--. It was a hard, stubborn land;--3—people in those difficult places do not forget the—4—of hospitality to the stranger-－for their God—5---decree that they too shall become---6---on the face of the earth. The—7—were small, and even if Rudolf had been---8—first- rate, they would not have—9—very demonstrative. From ancient times their---10--- had gone, first of all, into earnest---11---. Sometimes the local schoolteacher, who—12—them of their duty to the names of Beethoven and Bach and Mozart and one or two others—13---music perhaps was not much heard in those parts, collected them. Too often people—14—stolidly watching the noisy little fiddler, and went home---15—gravely edified. But they paid.
　Key: 1. around 2. another 3. but 4. law 5. may 6. strangers 7. audience 8. really 9. been 10 energy 11. toil 12 reminded 13. whose 14. sat 15. feeling
　作题技巧：　由于此题是从所学过的课文中选的，所要填的词必须与课文中的词一致，所以平时学习时要求熟读课文，力求达到会背，作此题就很容易了。但要求每课课文全部背下来也是很困难的，只有熟练掌握各课词汇的用法并掌握其句法关系，理解课文的意思，才能把漏掉的词正确地补出来。
　4． 难句释义
　 考查学生对所学课文中难句的理解能力。本项中的每题均从指定教材选出的难句。每题有四个选项。要求考生选出正确答案。难句的标准是（1）句中由不易理解的词或从字面上猜不出其意思的词语，（2）句子结构复杂（3）句子表面简单，没有难词，结构也不复杂，但其含义深刻。

题型举例

　IV. Choose the correct paraphrasing of the following sentences.
　1. Flunk one more course, and I’m out.
　　a. I have to complete my program with one more course.
　　b. If I fail one more course, I’ll have to leave the university.
　　c. When I finish one more course, I’ll be able to go out to work.
　　d. I’ll graduate from college on condition that I do well in one more course.
　2.Love is freeing. Love is freely given, not doled out on demand.
　　a. There is a noble quality about love that helps improve man morally.
　　b. Love cannot be obtained by force, and it is given with no stringed attached.
　　c. Love is given of one’s own free will, not provided for anyone who asks for it.
　　d. If you beg for love, you will never get it because true love is not given out of pity.
　Key : 1.b 2. c.
　作题技巧：根据上下文，正确理解课文中难句的意思是做好此题的必要条件。每题所给的四个选项中只有一个是与原文意思相符的。其余三个或多或少与原文有所差异，考生作题时应细心判断。如上面第1题，flunk 的意思是通不过考试，选项b 是对原句更清楚的解释，其余三句都与原句意思不符。第2题中的 freeing的含义是出于自愿， on demand 的意思是根据要求，因此，选项c 与原句意思相符。选项b 中with no strings attached 的意思是没有任何附加条件，但原句中没有这层含义。选项d 中的 out of pity 的意思是出于怜悯， 原句没有这层意思。作此类题时对句子中的关键词或词组一定要掌握好。常常知道了关键词或词组的意思，整个句子的意思就清楚了。
　5． 汉译英（句子）
　重点考查学生对所学的句子结构、重点词汇和语法项目的掌握和运用能力。本项由若干小题组成。每小题为一个汉语句子，要求考生把这些句子译成英语。
　题型举例
　V. Translate the following sentences into English.
　1. 她在新岗位上努力工作，不是为了给上司留下好印象，而是为了发挥她的才干。
　2. 我得抓紧时间，明天就该交论文了。
　Key: 1.She has been working hard at her new job, not so much to impress her boss as to develop her ability.
　　　2.I’ve got to hurry up, as the paper is due tomorrow.
　作题技巧：汉译英是考查学生运用英语的综合能力。要对课文的重点句型、词汇和语法熟练掌握并能运用。因此，学生必须把每课后面的词汇、句型翻译题和语法练习题全部作了。掌握英语句子的构成特点：主语、谓语、宾语和其它成分。使用从句时要注意从句结构的完整。用分词作状语时，要避免犯垂悬分词的错误。如第1题中，不是…..而是 可译成not so much to do….as to do…这个句型。 第2 题中“到期”的英语可用be due. 翻译时还要注意动词的时态、语态、时态的一致性、名词的单复数形式、冠词、标点、大小写等问题。
　6． 阅读理解
　考查考生的综合理解能力。要求考生在规定的时间内读完总阅读量为1200词左右的一篇或两篇短文。短文基本没有生词，即使有，也可以根据上下文猜出词义。问题范围涉及文中词和短语的意思、短文的内容、各部分相互之间的关系、单句或全文的内在含意或推理、文章主题思想或大意、作者的态度等。
　题型举例
　IV: Read the passage and complete the statements or answer the questions with the correct choice.
　　Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteen century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth did silent reading become commonplace.
　　One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction （干扰） to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
　　The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy（识字，有文化）, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.
　　Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media（宣传工具） on the one hand and by book and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.
　　By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the reader. The social, cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.
　1. why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?
　　a. because silent reading had not been discovered.
　　b. because there were few places available for private reading
　　c. because few people could read for themselves.
　　d. because people relied on reading for the entertainment.
　2. The development of silent reading during the 19th century indicated---.
　　a. a change in the status of literate people
　　b. a change in the nature of reading
　　c. an increase in the number of books
　　d. an increase in the average age of readers
　3. Educationalists are still arguing about---------.
　　a. the importance of silent reading
　　b. the amount of information yielded by books and newspapers
　　c. the effects of reading on health
　　d. the value of different types of reading material
　4. The emergence of the mass media of specialized reading material showed that--------
　　a. standards of literacy had gone down
　　b. readers’ interests had become varied
　　c. printing techniques had improved
　　d. educationalists’ attitudes had changed
　5. What is the writer of this passage attempting to do?
　　a. explain how reading habits have developed
　　b. change people’s attitudes to reading
　　c. show how reading material has improved
　　d. encouraging the growth of reading
　Key: 1.c 2.b 3. d 4.b 5.a
　作题技巧： 先通读全文，了解文章的大意，然后根据后面所给的选择题逐题逐段阅读，并找出正确的答案。如第1题，可以从文章的第3段中的第1句和第2句中推断出来，故选项c为正确答案。 第2题可以从文章的第3段的最后一句中推断出来，因此选项b为正确答案。第3题可从第4段中推断出，选项d为正确答案。第4题可以从第4段的最后一句中推断出选项b为正确答案。通过全文阅读，可以得出第5题的答案应是a.
　7． 写作
　考查学生运用英语语言的能力，要求考生在限定的时间内，用130-150左右的词回答一个有关《综合英语（二）》上下册课文内容的大问题。
　题型举例
　VII. What do you know about Rudolf as a musician and as a man?
　　Rudolf wasn’t a very good musician; otherwise he wouldn’t have had to make a living in such a way to avoid competition. Perhaps he didn’t understand the music he played very well. What he lacked was probably insight into human existence and emotion. But there is something to be said about his way of making a living. He was actually bringing music to ordinary people in remote areas. His meeting with the lighthouse keeper in a storm surely deepened his understanding of music as well as of life. After what he experienced in the lighthouse, he might improve greatly as a musician.
As a man, his most admirable quality was his courage to meet challenge and to experience an unusually way of life. He was also quick to see in the old lighthouse keeper the noble spirit of the human race. And he was willing to learn from the lighthouse keeper.
　作题技巧： 此题是以回答就所学过的课文所提的问题的形式写一篇短文。因此，必须对各课课文内容有正确理解，熟练掌握。在回答问题是，要表达清楚，用词恰当，语言通顺，句子结构完整，语法要正确。要避免汉语式的英文，不要使用自己不懂的词或词组，尽可能使用文中的原文或已学过的词或词组。
　在总复习时，首先要把教材中的每一课再仔细重读几遍。把以前没有作完的练习尽量补上。 在回答问题和作汉译英时，可以参考由全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会组编的综合英语（二） 自学辅导 （上下两册）所给出的参考答案。在全部课文复习完以后，可以作一些模拟考试题。上述辅导书中，每四课有一个Practical Test。但是，模拟试题只能作为一种练习，切忌猜题。因此，要想取得一个好成绩，考前，最关键的是把每一课包括课文、语法、词汇从头再复习一遍，对自己掌握得较差部分，着重复习。只有这样，才能取得满意的成绩。