英语语音(English Pronunciation)
编辑 要想说好英语,应该学一点语音知识。下面是笔者总结的有关语音方面的一些基本知识,供你参考。
1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2) 音标:词的语音形式。 3) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand 5) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 6) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 7) 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 8) 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 9) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 2. 元音:(注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标) 1)
[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling 2)
[i] sit, build, miss, myth 3)
[e] bed, desk, head, 4)
[ ] bad, land, bank, stamp 5)
[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm,
aunt 6)
[ ] hot,
want 7)
[ ]
door, more, sport, ball, warm, author,
court, bought, caught 8)
[u:] good, who, blue, soup, 9)
[u] look, put, women, could 10)
[ ] cup,
come, blood, rough 11)
[ ] girl,
work, serve, nurse 12)
[ ] cadre,
ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor,
famous, Saturday 13)
[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great, 14)
[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try,
find, height, eye 15)
[ ]
phone, cold, boat, soul, grow 16)
[au] house, town 17)
[ ]
boy, oil 18)
[ ]
dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, 19)
[ ]
pear, care, there, fair 20) [ ] tour, poor, 3. 容易混淆的元音 1)
[e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2)
[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 3)
[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4)
[au] [ ]
house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don 4. 辅音 1)
[p] pen, 2)
[b] bed, comb 3)
[t] tell, 4)
[d], day, played, wanted 5)
[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept,
box 6)
[g] big, go, guess, language 7)
[m] man 8)
[n] nine, knife, autumn 9)
[ ] bank,
uncle, English, sing, 10)
[l] land, world 11)
[r] read, write, 12)
[f] five, cough, laugh 13)
[v] voice, of 14)
[ ] think, 15)
[ ] this,
bathe 16)
[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf 17)
[z] zoo, close, 18)
[ ] sure,
she, social, nation 19)
[
] pleasure, 20)
[h] hot, who, hour 21)
[w] wall, what, answer 22)
[j] yes 23)
[ ]
child, teach, catch 24)
[ ]
joke, bridge, 25)
[ts] boats 26)
[dz] goods 27)
[tr] tree 28) [dr] dream 5. 容易混淆的辅音 1)
[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2)
[s] [ ] sink
think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3)
[z] [ ] closing
clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes 4)
[n] [
] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 6. 读音规则 1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句) 2) 非重读音节 [ ] banana, student, today, after, [i]
orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 7. 特殊读音 1) 音的连读:not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all 2) 失去爆破:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3) 音的同化:this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it? 8. 重音 1)单词重音 A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。 a'bout,
be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare,
in'form, dis'cuss, im'press,
mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。 'record,
re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content,
con'tent d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。 'out'side,
're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,
'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy. b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。 'carefully,
in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment, c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。 cour'teous,
cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient,
i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective d)词尾有
-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。enter'tain,
emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette 2)句子重音 A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重 B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。 C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be. D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 a) 实词第二次出现 He
thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I
met her in the railway station. c) 代替词 Which
book do you want? The small one. d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What
a good day it is! How beautiful she is! e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street. f) this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening E)虚词重读的特殊情况 a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。 Do
you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am.
Can you help me? Yes, I can. I
don't like you. He isn't a worker. b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。 They
may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must
be in the room. c) 介词在句首和句尾。 In
the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。 If
you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him. e)反身代词表示强调。 He
couldn't come himself. She sells seashells on the seashore. And the shells she sells are seashells, I am sure. 'cause if she sells shell at the seashore, The shells sells are seashells, for sure. A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. The big black bear bit back the big black bug. 3. If Robert Rolly rolled a round roll round, Where is the round roll, Robert Rolly rolled around? Ann sent Andy ten hens and Andy sent Ann ten pens. Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat. Sally always suffers from sea-sickness when she is at sea. Surely the sun shall shine soon. The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Jack had a rat; Sam had a cat. Sam's cat ate Jack's rat. Jack asked Sam to pay for his rat. Sam said, "I'll give you my cat for your rate." Good morning to all who walk, Good morning to all who crawl; Good morning to all who soar, Or swim, good morning, I call. To broad and to small to short and to tall; Good morning, good morning to all. The little addled adder added ads. All Al's sly allies lie. John, where had had "had had', had had "had had' had had his master's approval. A big bug hit a bold bald bear and the bold bald bear bled blood badly. Blake the baker bakers black bread. Betty Block blows big black bubbles. A bachelor botched a batch of badly baked biscuits. Bess is the best backward blue-blowing bugler in the Boston brass band. Brught bloom the blossoms on the brook's bare brown banks. A cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup. You cross a cross across a cross, or stick a cross across a cross. If you must cross a coarse cross cow across a crowded-cow crossing, cross the cross coarse cow across the crowded=cow crossing carefully. The drummers drummed and the strummers strummed. Can a flying fish flee far from a free fish fry? Fancy Nancy did not fancy doing fancy work. But fancy Nancy's fancy auntie did fancy Nancy doing fancy work. The glum groom grew glummer. Hatches, catches, matches and dispatches. He kisses the misses and she misses the kisses. He who laughs last laughs best. No pains, no gains. No cross, no crown; No gall, no glory. There is no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight; for a night light's just a slight light. Peter Potter splattered a plate of peas on Patty Platt's pink plaid pants. Soldiers shoulders shudder when shrill shells shriek. Small, smart snakes smelling smoked steaks. Six sharp sharks seek small snacks, so swim, Sam, swim! If silly Sally will shilly-shally, shall silly Willy willy-nilly shilly-shally, too? Thick ticks think thin ticks are sick. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck the wood as much as he could if a woodchuck could chuck wood. Shallow sailing ships should shun shallow shoals. Selected from English Tongue Twisters by He Gaoda
More Twisters Six
sick slick slim sycamore saplings. A
box of biscuits, a batch of mixed biscuits A
skunk sat on a stump and thunk the stump stunk, Peter
Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Red
lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry. Unique
New York. Betty
Botter had some butter, Six
thick thistle sticks. Six thick thistles stick. Is
this your sister's sixth zither, sir? A
big black bug bit a big black bear, The
sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick. Toy
boat. Toy boat. Toy boat. One
smart fellow, he felt smart. Pope
Sixtus VI's six texts. I
slit the sheet, the sheet I slit, and on the slitted sheet I sit. She
sells sea shells by the sea shore. Mrs.
Smith's Fish Sauce Shop. "Surely
Sylvia swims!" shrieked Sammy, surprised. A
Tudor who tooted a flute Shy
Shelly says she shall sew sheets. Three
free throws. I
am not the pheasant plucker, Sam's
shop stocks short spotted socks. A
flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Knapsack
straps. Which
wristwatches are Swiss wristwatches? Lesser
leather never weathered wetter weather better. A
bitter biting bittern Inchworms
itching. A
noisy noise annoys an oyster. The
myth of Miss Muffet. Mr.
See owned a saw. Friendly
Frank flips fine flapjacks. Vincent
vowed vengence very vehemently. Cheap
ship trip. I
cannot bear to see a bear Lovely
lemon liniment. Gertie's
great-grandma grew aghast at Gertie's grammar. Tim,
the thin twin tinsmith Fat
frogs flying past fast. I
need not your needles, they're needless to me; Flee
from fog to fight flu fast! Greek
grapes. The
boot black bought the black boot back. How
much wood would a woodchuck chuck We
surely shall see the sun shine soon. Moose
noshing much mush. Ruby
Rugby's brother bought and brought her Sly
Sam slurps Sally's soup. My
dame hath a lame tame crane, Six
short slow shepherds. A
tree toad loved a she-toad Which
witch wished which wicked wish? Old
oily Ollie oils old oily autos. The
two-twenty-two train tore through the tunnel. Silly
Sally swiftly shooed seven silly sheep. Twelve
twins twirled twelve twigs. Three
gray geese in the green grass grazing. Many
an anemone sees an enemy anemone. Nine
nice night nurses nursing nicely. Peggy
Babcock. You've
no need to light a night-light Black
bug's blood. Flash
message! Say
this sharply, say this sweetly, Six
sticky sucker sticks. If
Stu chews shoes, should Stu Crisp
crusts crackle crunchily. Give
papa a cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup. Six
sharp smart sharks. What
a shame such a shapely sash Sure
the ship's shipshape, sir. Betty
better butter Brad's bread. Of
all the felt I ever felt, Sixish.
Don't
pamper damp scamp tramps that camp under ramp lamps. Swan
swam over the sea, Six
shimmering sharks sharply striking shins. I
thought a thought. Brad's
big black bath brush broke. Thieves
seize skis. Chop
shops stock chops. Sarah
saw a shot-silk sash shop full of shot-silk sashes Strict
strong stringy Stephen Stretch Susan
shineth shoes and socks; Truly
rural. The
blue bluebird blinks. Betty
and Bob brought back blue balloons from the big bazaar. When
a twister a-twisting will twist him a twist, Untwirling
the twine that untwisteth between, The
twain that in twining before in the twine, The
Leith police dismisseth us. The
seething seas ceaseth If
one doctor doctors another doctor, does the doctor Two
Truckee truckers truculently truckling Plague-bearing
prairie dogs. Ed
had edited it. She
sifted thistles through her thistle-sifter. Give
me the gift of a grip top sock: While
we were walking, we were watching window washers Freshly
fried fresh flesh. Pacific
Lithograph. Six
twin screwed steel steam cruisers. The
crow flew over the river Preshrunk
silk shirts A
bloke's back bike brake block broke. A
pleasant place to place a plaice is a place I
correctly recollect Rebecca MacGregor's reckoning. Good
blood, bad blood. Quick
kiss. Quicker kiss. I
saw Esau kissing Kate. I saw Esau, Cedar
shingles should be shaved and saved. Lily
ladles little Letty's lentil soup. Amidst
the mists and coldest frosts, Shelter
for six sick scenic sightseers. Listen
to the local yokel yodel. Give
Mr. Snipa's wife's knife a swipe. Whereat
with blade, Are
our oars oak? Can
you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager A
lusty lady loved a lawyer The
epitome of femininity. She
stood on the balcony Kris
Kringle carefully crunched on candy canes. Please
pay promptly. On
mules we find two legs behind What
time does the wristwatch strap shop shut? One-One
was a racehorse. Girl
gargoyle, guy gargoyle. Pick
a partner and practice passing, Once
upon a barren moor If
a Hottentot taught a Hottentot tot Will
you, William? Mix,
Miss Mix! Who
washed Washington's white woolen underwear Two
toads, totally tired. Freshly-fried
flying fish. The
sawingest saw I ever saw saw Just
think, that sphinx has a sphincter that stinks! Strange
strategic statistics. Sarah
sitting in her Chevrolet, Hi-Tech
Traveling Tractor Trailor Truck Tracker Ned
Nott was shot and Sam Shott was not. So
it is better to be Shott than Nott. Some
say Nott was not shot. But
Shott says he shot Nott. Either
the shot Shott shot at Nott was not shot, If
the shot Shott shot shot Nott, Nott was shot. But
if the shot Shott shot shot Shott, then Shott was shot, not Nott. However,
Six
slippery snails, slid slowly seaward. Three
twigs twined tightly. There
was a young fisher named Fischer Pretty
Kitty Creighton had a cotton batten cat. Suddenly
swerving, seven small swans The
ochre ogre ogled the poker. If
you stick a stock of liquor in your locker, Shredded
Swiss chesse. The
soldiers shouldered shooters on their shoulders. Theophiles
Thistle, the successful thistle-sifter, Now.....if
Theophiles Thistle, the successful thistle-sifter, Success
to the successful thistle-sifter! Thank
the other three brothers of their father's mother's brother's side.
They
both, though, have thirty-three thick thimbles to thaw. Irish
wristwatch. Fred
fed Ted bread, and Ted fed Fred bread. Cows
graze in groves on grass which grows in grooves in groves. Brisk
brave brigadiers brandished broad bright blades, Tragedy
strategy. Selfish
shellfish. They
have left the thriftshop, and lost both their theatre tickets and the
volume of valuable licenses and coupons for free theatrical frills and thrills.
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