第四十八条 人民法院对当事人提出的回避申请，应当在申请提出的三日内，以口头或者书面形式作出决定。

Article 48 The decision of a people's court on an application made by any party for withdrawal shall be made orally or in writing within three days after the application was made.

申请人对决定不服的，可以在接到决定时申请复议一次。

"If the applicant is not satisfied with the decision, he may apply for reconsideration which could be granted only once.  "

复议期间，被申请回避的人员，不停止参与本案的工作。

"During the period of reconsideration, the person whose withdrawal has been applied for shall not suspend his participation in the proceedings."

人民法院对复议申请，应当在三日内作出复议决定，并通知复议申请人。

The decision of a people's court on the reconsideration shall be made within three days after receiving the application and the applicant shall be notified of it accordingly.

第五章 诉讼参加人 第一节 当事人

Chapter V Participants in Proceedings　Section 1 Parties

第四十九条 公民、法人和其他组织可以作为民事诉讼的当事人。

"Article 49 Any citizen, legal person and any other organization may become a party to a civil action."

法人由其法定代表人进行诉讼。

Legal persons shall be represented by their legal representatives in the litigation.

其他组织由其主要负责人进行诉讼。

 Other organizations shall be represented by their principal heads in the proceedings.

第五十条 当事人有权委托代理人，提出回避申请，收集、提供证据，进行辩论，请求调解，提起上诉，申请执行。

"Article 50 Parties to an action shall have the right to appoint agents, apply for withdrawals, collect and provide evidence, proffer arguments, request conciliation, file an appeal and apply for execution."

当事人可以查阅本案有关材料，并可以复制本案有关材料和法律文书。

Parties to an action may have access to materials pertaining to the case and make copies thereof and other legal documents pertaining to the case.

查阅、复制本案有关材料的范围和办法由最高人民法院规定。

The scope of and rules for consulting and making copies of them shall be specified by the Supreme People's Court.

当事人必须依法行使诉讼权利，遵守诉讼秩序，履行发生法律效力的判决书、裁定书和调解书。

"Parties to an action must exercise their litigation rights in accordance with the law, observe the procedures and carry out legally effective written judgments or orders and conciliation statements."

第五十一条 双方当事人可以自行和解。

Article 51 The two parties may reach a compromise of their own accord.

第五十二条 原告可以放弃或者变更诉讼请求。

Article 52 The plaintiff may relinquish or modify his claims.

被告可以承认或者反驳诉讼请求，有权提起反诉。

The defendant may admit or rebut the claims and shall have the right to file counterclaims.

第五十三条 当事人一方或者双方为二人以上，其诉讼标的是共同的，或者诉讼标的是同一种类、人民法院认为可以合并审理并经当事人同意的，为共同诉讼。

"Article 53 When one party or both parties consist of two or more than two persons, their object of action being the same or of the same category and the people's court considers that, with the consent of the parties, the action can be tried combined, it is a joint action."

共同诉讼的一方当事人对诉讼标的有共同权利义务的，其中一人的诉讼行为经其他共同诉讼人承认，对其他共同诉讼人发生效力；

"If a party of two or more persons to a joint action have common rights and obligations with respect to the object of action and the act of any one of them is recognized by the others of the party, such an act shall be valid for all the rest of the party; "

对诉讼标的没有共同权利义务的，其中一人的诉讼行为对其他共同诉讼人不发生效力。

"if a party of two or more persons have no common rights and obligations with respect to the object of action, the act of any one of them shall not be valid for the rest."

第五十四条 当事人一方人数众多的共同诉讼，可以由当事人推选代表人进行诉讼。

"Article 54 If the persons comprising a party to a joint action is large in number, the party may elect representatives from among themselves to act for them in the litigation. "

代表人的诉讼行为对其所代表的当事人发生效力，但代表人变更、放弃诉讼请求或者承认对方当事人的诉讼请求，进行和解，必须经被代表的当事人同意。

"The acts of such representatives in the litigation shall be valid for the party they represent. However, modification or waiver of claims or admission of the claims of the other party or pursuing a compromise with the other party by the representatives shall be subject to the consent of the party they represent."

第五十五条 诉讼标的是同一种类、当事人一方人数众多在起诉时人数尚未确定的，人民法院可以发出公告，说明案件情况和诉讼请求，通知权利人在一定期间向人民法院登记。

"Article 55 Where the object of action is of the same category and the persons comprising one of the parties is large but uncertain in number at the commencement of the action, the people's court may issue a public notice, stating the particulars and claims of the case and informing those entitled to participate in the action to register their rights with the people's court within a fixed period of time."

向人民法院登记的权利人可以推选代表人进行诉讼；

Those who have registered their rights with the people's court may elect representatives from among themselves to proceed with the litigation;

推选不出代表人的，人民法院可以与参加登记的权利人商定代表人。

"if the election fails its purpose, such representatives may be determined by the people's court through consultation with those who have registered their rights with the court."

代表人的诉讼行为对其所代表的当事人发生效力，但代表人变更、放弃诉讼请求或者承认对方当事人的诉讼请求，进行和解，必须经被代表的当事人同意。

"The acts of such representative in the litigation shall be valid for th

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