中华人民共和国水法

Water Law of the People's Republic of China

第一章 总  则

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

　　第一条　为合理开发利用和保护水资源，防治水害，充分发挥水资源的综合效益，适应国民经济发展和人民生活的需要，制定本法。

Article 1. This Law is formulated for the rational development and utilization of water resources and the protection of such resources, for the prevention and control of water disasters, and for the full derivation of comprehensive benefits from water resources in order to meet the needs in national economic development and in the livelihood of the people.

　　第二条　本法所称水资源，是指地表水和地下水。在中华人民共和国领域内开发、利用、保护、管理水资源，防治水害，必须遵守本法。

Article 2. The " water resources " referred to in this Law includes surface water and groundwater. This Law must be observed in the development, utilization, protection and management of water resources and in the prevention and control of water disasters within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

　　海水的开发、利用、保护和管理，另行规定。

Provisions for the development, utilization, protection and management of sea water shall be stipulated separately.

　　第三条　水资源属于国家所有，即全民所有。

Article 3. Water resources shall be owned by the state, that is, by the whole people.

　　农业集体经济组织所有的水塘、水库中的水，属于集体所有。

The waters of ponds and reservoirs belonging to agricultural collective economic organizations shall be owned by the collectives.

　　国家保护依法开发利用水资源的单位和个人的合法权益。

The state shall protect the lawful rights and interests of units and individuals engaged in the development and utilization of water resources in accordance with law.

　　第四条　国家鼓励和支持开发利用水资源和防治水害的各项事业。

Article 4. The state shall encourage and support various undertakings for the development and utilization of water resources and for the prevention and control of water disasters.

　　开发利用水资源和防治水害,应当全面规划、统筹兼顾、综合利用、讲求效益，发挥水资源的多种功能。

The development and utilization of water resources and the prevention and control of water disasters shall be carried out by comprehensive planning with all factors taken into consideration, and with emphasis on multipurpose use and on achieving maximum benefits so as to give full play to the multiple functions of water resources.

　　第五条　国家保护水资源，采取有效措施，保护自然植被，种树种草，涵养水源，防治水土流失，改善生态环境。

Article 5. The state shall protect water resources and adopt effective measures to preserve natural flora, plant trees and grow grass, conserve water sources, prevent and control soil erosion and improve the ecological environment.

　　第六条　各单位应当加强水污染防治工作，保护和改善水质。

Article 6. All units shall strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution so as to protect and improve water quality.

各级人民政府应当依照水污染防治法的规定，加强对水污染防治的监督管理。

People's governments at various levels shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, strengthen supervision over, and management of, the prevention and control of water pollution.

　　第七条　国家实行计划用水，厉行节约用水。

Article 7. The state shall carry out planning and require strict economy in the use of water.

　　各级人民政府应当加强对节约用水的管理。各单位应当采用节约用水的先进技术，降低水的消耗量，提高水的重复利用率。

People's governments at various levels shall strengthen the management of the economical use of water. All units shall adopt advanced technology for the economical use of water, reduce water consumption and raise the frequency of the reuse of water.

　　第八条　在开发、利用、保护、管理水资源，防治水害，节约用水和进行有关的科学技术研究等方面成绩显著的单位和个人，由各级人民政府给予奖励。

Article 8. Units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in the development, utilization, protection and management of water resources, in the prevention and control of water disasters, in the economical use of water and in related scientific and technological research shall be awarded by the people's governments at the corresponding level.

　　第九条　国家对水资源实行统一管理与分级，分部门管理相结合的制度。

Article 9. The state shall, with respect to water resources, adopt a system which combines unified administration with administration at various levels and by various departments.

　　国务院水行政主管部门负责全国水资源的统一管理工作。

The department of water administration under the State Council shall be in charge of the unified administration of water resources throughout the country.

　　国务院其他有关部门按照国务院规定的职责分工，协同国务院水行政主管部门，负责有关的水资源管理工作。

Other relevant departments under the State Council shall, in accordance with the duties assigned to them by the State Council, be in charge of the administration of water resources related to them in coordination with the department of water administration under the State Council.

　　县级以上地方人民政府水行政主管部门和其他有关部门，按照同级人民政府规定的职责分工，负责有关的水资源管理工作。

The departments of water administration and other relevant departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the administration of water resources related to them in accordance with the duties assigned to them by the people's governments at the corresponding level.

第二章 开发利用

CHAPTER II DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION

　　第十条　开发利用水资源必须进行综合科学考察和调查评价。

Article 10. In order to develop and utilize water resources, a comprehensive scientific survey and an investiga

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