正当防卫明显超过必要限度造成重大损害的，应当负刑事责任，但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。

If a person's act of justifiable defence obviously exceeds the limits of necessity and causes serious damage, he shall bear criminal responsibility; however, he shall be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

　　对正在进行行凶、杀人、抢劫、强奸、绑架以及其他严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪，采取防卫行为，造成不法侵害人伤亡的，不属于防卫过当，不负刑事责任。

If a person acts in defence against an on-going assault, murder, robbery, rape, kidnap or any other crime of violence that seriously endangers his personal safety, thus causing injury or death to the perpetrator of the unlawful act, it is not undue defence, and he shall not bear criminal responsibility.

　第二十一条 为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在发生的危险，不得已采取的紧急避险行为，造成损害的，不负刑事责任。　　

Article 21 If a person is compelled to commit an act in an emergency to avert an immediate danger to the interests of the State or the public, or his own or another person's rights of the person, property or other rights, thus causing damage, he shall not bear criminal responsibility.

紧急避险超过必要限度造成不应有的损害的，应当负刑事责任，但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。

If the act committed by a person in an emergency to avert danger exceeds the limits of necessity and causes undue damage, he shall bear criminal responsibility; however, he shall be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

　第一款中关于避免本人危险的规定，不适用于职务上、业务上负有特定责任的人。

The provisions of the first paragraph of this Article with respect to averting danger to oneself shall not apply to a person who is charged with special responsibility in his post or profession.

第二节 犯罪的预备、未遂和中止

SECTION 2 PREPARATION FOR A CRIME, CRIMINAL ATTEMPT AND DISCONTINUATION

　第二十二条 为了犯罪，准备工具、制造条件的，是犯罪预备。

Article 22 Preparation for a crime refers to the preparation of the instruments or the creation of the conditions for a crime.

　　对于预备犯，可以比照既遂犯从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。

An offender who prepares for a crime may, in comparison with one who completes the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

　第二十三条 已经着手实行犯罪，由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞的，是犯罪未遂。

Article 23 A criminal attempt refers to a case where an offender has already started to commit a crime but is prevented from completing it for reasons independent of his will.

　　对于未遂犯，可以比照既遂犯从轻或者减轻处罚。

An offender who attempts to commit a crime may, in comparison with one who completes the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.

　第二十四条 在犯罪过程中，自动放弃犯罪或者自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生的，是犯罪中止。

Article 24 Discontinuation of a crime refers to a case where, in the course of committing a crime, the offender voluntarily discontinues the crime or voluntarily and effectively prevents the consequences of the crime from occurring.

　　对于中止犯，没有造成损害的，应当免除处罚；造成损害的，应当减轻处罚。

An offender who discontinues a crime shall, if no damage is caused, be exempted from punishment or, if any damage is caused, be given a mitigated punishment.

　第二十五条 共同犯罪是指二人以上共同故意犯罪。

Article 25 A joint crime refers to an intentional crime committed by two or more persons jointly.

　　二人以上共同过失犯罪，不以共同犯罪论处；应当负刑事责任的，按照他们所犯的罪分别处罚。

A negligent crime committed by two or more persons jointly shall not be punished as a joint crime; however, those who should bear criminal responsibility shall be individually punished according to the crimes they have committed.

　第二十六条 组织、领导犯罪集团进行犯罪活动的或者在共同犯罪中起主要作用的，是主犯。

Article 26 A principal criminal refers to any person who organizes and leads a criminal group in carrying out criminal activities or plays a principal role in a joint crime.

　　三人以上为共同实施犯罪而组成的较为固定的犯罪组织，是犯罪集团。

A criminal group refers to a relatively stable criminal organization formed by three or more persons for the purpose of committing crimes jointly.

　　对组织、领导犯罪集团的首要分子，按照集团所犯的全部罪行处罚。

Any ringleader who organizes or leads a criminal group shall be punished on the basis of all the crimes that the criminal group has committed.

　　对于第三款规定以外的主犯，应当按照其所参与的或者组织、指挥的全部犯罪处罚。

Any principal criminal not included in Paragraph 3 shall be punished on the basis of all the crimes that he participates in or that he organizes or directs.

　第二十七条 在共同犯罪中起次要或者辅助作用的，是从犯。

Article 27 An accomplice refers to any person who plays a secondary or auxiliary role in a joint crime.

　　对于从犯，应当从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。

An accomplice shall be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

　第二十八条 对于被胁迫参加犯罪的，应当按照他的犯罪情节减轻处罚或者免除处罚。

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