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2008年高三英语一轮复习省略句专项精讲精练          【字体:
 

2008年高三英语一轮复习省略句专项精讲精练

作者:soosun    文章来源:www.51education.net    点击数:    更新时间:2007-10-13     


诊断练习:
1. ---Do you happen to have twenty dollars on you?
--- ________ ?
---I want to buy a reference book.
A. Want the money   B. What to do   C. What for   D. How much
2. ---What kind of food would you like to have?
--- ________ but Japanese.
---How about Korean, then?
A. Anything   B. Something   C. Everything   D. Nothing
3. ---Why didn't you go to the cinema yester- day?
---I ________ , but my wife returned from France the moment I was leaving.
A. was going to   B. will   C. did   D. had
4. -Good bye! I'm glad _______ you.
- ________ , too.
A. to see; I   B. to have seen; Me   C. to be seen; Me   D. seeing; I
5. ________ we move the picture over there? Do you think it'll look better?
A. What about   B. How far   C. What if   D. How come
6. The river is smooth where ________ .
A. deeply   B. deep   C. to be deep   D. run
7. ---May I take your order?
---Yes, I'd like a cup of coffee, a hot dog and some salad. What about you, Lisa?
---________ .
A. Me, too   B. Same again, please   C. It's all the same   D. The same to me
8. ---I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.
--- ________ , let's go and see him.
A. What's more   B. If so   C. Where possible   D. When necessary
9. ---Why didn't you come to Mike's birthday party yesterday?
---Well, I ________ , but I forgot it.
A. would   B. must   C. should have   D. must have
10. I hear Mr. Smith was writing a story last year and he still ________ .
A. do   B. does   C. is   D. am
11. ---I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do?
---Don't speak until ________ .
A. speaking   B. spoken to   C. spoken   D. speaking to
12. ---Why do you want the book so much?
--- ________ , sir.
A. Studying   B. Studies   C. Studied   D. To study
13. ---How are you getting on with your work?
---Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as ________ .
A. plans   B. planning   C. planned   D. to plan
14. I wonder why you won't do it as ________ . It's the third time you have done so.
A. told to   B. be told   C. told you   D. you told
15. ---Are you a teacher?
---No, but I ________ . I worked in a middle school for three years.
A. am   B. will   C. do   D. was
16. The dying old man opened his mouth as if ________ something.
A. to say   B. saying   C. to have said   D. was saying
17. This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ________ .
A. to leave untreating   B. left untreated   C. leaving untreating   D. is left untreated
18. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, ________ is more true than any other.
A. once gained   B. when to gain   C. after is gained   D. while gaining
19. ---I didn't do well in the last English test. How about you?
--- ________ .
A. I'll do better next time   B. I like English, though   C. A lot better   D. Even worse
20. ---You seem to have lost your way. ________ ?
---I'm looking for Wangfujing Street.
A. What for   B. Need help   C. Why so   D. Where to
21. ---Which would you like, chicken or fish?
--- ________
A. I don't think so.   B. What if?   C. Both.   D. Neither can I.
22. You may take them all home ________ .
A. if possible   B. if can   C. unless so   D. even if you can
23. ---Hello, may I speak to Bill, please?
--- ________ .
A. Bill speaking   B. That's Bill   C. Speaking to Bill   D. I'm speaking
24. ---I think you look very nice in the red dress.
--- ________ .
A. Oh, no, not nice at all   B. Glad you think so   C. Don't like red   D. You are kind, indeed
25. ---I'm so tired, working all morning on the farm.
---Why not take a rest, then?
---________ .
A. Because I can't afford it   B. Maybe I should   C. I don't know   D. Sorry, I can't tell you
26. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you'll find it more attractive than commonly ________ .
A. supposing   B. to suppose   C. supposed   D. is supposed
27. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don't take medicine ________ .
A. like directed   B. to be directed   C. as directed  D. so that directed
28. The man stopped from time to time ________ whether he was being followed.
A. as if found   B. as to find   C as if to find   D. when found
29. To tell the truth, I won't go to the party ________ .
A. so as to invite   B. even if invited   C. if inviting   D. if invite
30. Water, ________ enough, can change into vapor quickly
A. when heated   B. heating   C. though to be heated   D. when is heated
基本用法及常见考点:
省略在英语运用中,尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在,因为它可以避免重复,突出关键词语,能做到言简意赅,并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略,也有句法上的省略,有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略。
一、词法上的省略
1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略
1)如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现,则可以省略。如:
These are John's books and those are Mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书,那些是玛丽的书。
2)名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时,这些名词也常常省略。如:
at the doctor's 在诊所
at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家
to my uncle's 到我叔叔家
at the barber's 在理发店
2. 冠词的省略
1)为了避免重复
The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。(thunder前省略了定冠词the)
2)在the next day (morning, week, year...)等短语中,有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the 常可以省略。如:
We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. 第二天,我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。
3)在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。如:
She sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。
4)在某些独立主格结构中。如:
Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.) 我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
5)在as引导的让步状语从句中,当作表语的单数名词提前时,不定冠词要省略。如:
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子,却懂得很多。
3. 介词的省略
1)both 后常跟of短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时,介词of可以省略,但接代词宾格时,of不能省略。如:
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
2)在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词for可以省略。如:
These shoes are worn out. They have
lasted (for) a long time. 这双鞋穿破了,已经穿了很长一段时间了。
3)被动结构中,如果没有必要强调动作的执行者,则可以省略介词by短语。如:
The letter was posted (by me) yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。
4)和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词,如:consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing..., have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介词可以省略。如:
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗?
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 回答这个问题我有点困难。

4. 动词不定式中的省略
1)有些动词,如:believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。如:
I consider him (to be) lazy. 我认为他懒。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy. 他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
2)感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时,to必须保留。如:
They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。
注:help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。
3)在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to; but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时,也不带to, 否则要带to。如:
We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。
He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
4)在并列结构中为了避免重复。如:
I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道该怎么想,怎么说才好。
但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时,则后一个to不能省略。如:
I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责备你,而是赞美你。
5)在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如:
Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢?
Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢?
6)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略,主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词,为了避免重复,句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形,而保留不定式符号to。如:
They may go if they wish to(go). 如果他们想去,他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去,你才可以去。
在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语,不定式中的to可以承前(后)省略。如:
-Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗?
-Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you). 我想为你做这事,但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容词,如:afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略动词原形,只保留不定式符号to。如:
-Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗?
-Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 当然,我愿意。
有些动词,如:tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid 等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时,不定式承前省略动词原形, 保留动词不定式符号to。如:
He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come). 尽管我们邀请他来,他却没来。
注:承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be,则要保留be或have。如:
-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗?
-No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不,我以前是。

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