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考研阅读文章来源大揭秘

作者:soosun    文章来源:www.51education.net    点击数:    更新时间:2006-9-26     


一、文章一般来源

1、西方报刊杂志

2、西方中学或大学教科书

3、中国的英语报刊杂志

四篇文章全部选自英语国家文献资料,而且主要是报刊杂志,所以这些文章较有时效性,如两三年前的杂志文章常被选做考试文章。这类杂志包括Economist, Newsweek,Time和 US News and World Report等,其中Economist为重点杂志。以2005年的文章为例,其中第一篇选自Economist,第三篇选自Newsweek,第四篇选自Economist。第三个来源派生于前两个来源,即原文来自前两种,但是中国的英语杂志,如《英语文摘》、《英语世界》等刊出了原文的英汉对照版本。例如,2006年考研英语阅读部分的第四篇文章 The Art of Unhappiness发表于《时代》(2005年1月17日),但《英语文摘》05年第7期上刊出了此文英汉对照的版本。由此可知,如果无时间读原文刊物,读一些相关文章的英汉对照版本也可以。

二、近年文章来源汇总

2006

Text 2  Inside Meaning. Michael Swan. Cambridge University Press. The Observer.(《观察家报》)

Text 3  Ocean’s eleventh hour. Economist. (《经济学人》,2003年5月15日)

Text 4  The Art of Unhappiness. Time. (《时代》,2005年1月17日)


2005

Text 1  Fair and Square. Economist. (《经济学人》,2003年9月18日)

Text 2  Washington Post.(《华盛顿邮报》时事评论)

Text 3  Taking Control. Newsweek. (《新闻周刊》,2002年7月15日)

Text 4  Talking Down. Economist.(《经济学人》,2004年1月29日)

2004

Text 1  Putting the Net to Work. US News & World Report.(《美国新闻与世界报道》,1997年10月27日)

Text 2  As easy as ZYX. Economist. (《经济学人》,2001年8月30日)

Text 3  What’s a Shopper to Do? Newsweek. (《新闻周刊》,2000年12月18日美国版)

Text 4  Nurturing the Life of the Mind. ASBJ(2001年1月美国学校董事会杂志)

2003

Text 1 Spies Like Us. Time. (《时代》,1999年1月25日)

Text 2 Scientist. (《科学家》,1998年11月20日)

Text 4 The Best Health Care Goes Only So Far. Newsweek(《新闻周刊》,2001年8月27日)

2002

Text 3 Oil’s Pleasant Surprise. Economist.(《经济学人》,1999年11月27日)

Text 4 High Point Enterprise.(1999年9月13日)

由上可知,Economist、Newsweek和Time等是比较重要的杂志,因为它们常成为考研阅读文章的来源。

三、题材偏重

四篇文章的内容涉及社会科学、自然科学和人文科目各个领域的知识,其中社会科学所占比重较大,自然科学所占比重不大,人文科学近来有增加的趋势。社会科学常涉及的领域有经济学、心理学、社会学、教育学、传播学等,但政治科学、国际政治一般不涉及。自然科学主要涉及医学、生物学、工程和科学史等。人文科学主要涉及文学评论、语言、杂文和散文等。
四、06阅读文章特点

1.时效性强。06年所选文章距离考试的时间比前几年的文章更新。所以要多关注上述杂志上近两三年以及考前一年的时文。

2.结构清晰。由于结构清晰,问题的数量和顺序与原文对应较好。

3.具体内容。06年阅读理解文章的内容和结构如下:

Text 1社会科学。文章结构:一枝独秀型。本文主要论述了美国文化的同化(homogenizing/assimilation)力。

Text 2 社会科学(经济类)。文章结构:花开两朵型。本文主要论述了莎士比亚故居当地居民与皇家莎士比亚公司(RSC)之间在经济发展和地方产业方面的矛盾。

Text 3 自然科学(科技类)。文章结构:一枝独秀型。本文主要论述海洋鱼类的过度捕捞使得大型鱼类锐减这一问题。

Text 4 人文科学。文章结构:花开两朵型。文中对比了过去和现在人们的处境以及对快乐的感觉。

Fair and square

Some monkeys seem to have a highly developed sense of fairness

EVERYBODY loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys, which have all the necessary ingredients to capture the public imagination. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their finicky female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males (although why this is so remains a mystery).

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr Brosnan's and Dr de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to swap pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (in the absence of an actual monkey able to eat it) was enough to induce sullen behaviour in a female capuchin.

Dr Brosnan and Dr de Waal report that such behaviour is unusual in their trained monkeys. During two years of bartering prior to these experiments, failure to exchange tokens for food occurred in fewer than 5% of trials. And what made the behaviour even more extraordinary was that these monkeys forfeited food that they could see—and which they would have readily accepted in almost any other set of circumstances.

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35m years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

                             总体介绍

这是2003年9月18日刊登在《经济学家》(The Economist)杂志上的一篇科技类文章。文中主要论述猴子的公平感---像人一样,对不公平待遇有怨恨。从文章的题材上讲,科技类的文章是考研英语阅读的四大题材之一(另外三类是经济评论、文化教育和社会生活),而且这篇文章谈论的是较新的科学研究成果(《自然》杂志刚发表的文章),以简介的形式出现于《经济学家》杂志,自然很适合做考研英语阅读的出题文章。从体裁上看,这是一篇典型的说明文,属于考研英语阅读的常见体裁之一。这篇文章共有6段,520词,如果用作考研英语阅读理解的一篇,则段落和字数都有些偏多。因为该部分的文章一般要求将字数控制在400词左右;文章段落数一般为4-5段,便于出题。

    这篇文章被用于2005年的考研英语阅读理解部分第一篇,距发表时间仅一年多,试题序号为21-25。文中加下划线的部分是被删除的内容。改编后的文章共5段,426词。

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