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学点语音知识

作者:soosun    文章来源:本站原创    点击数:    更新时间:2008-12-1     


学点语音知识

 编辑

    要想说好英语,应该学一点语音知识。(www.51education.net)下面是笔者总结的有关语音方面的一些基本知识,供你参考。(www.51education.net)

  1. 关于语音的几个概念

1)    字母:语言的书写形式。(www.51education.net)元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,

2)    音标:词的语音形式。(www.51education.net)

3)    音素:音的最小的单位。(www.51education.net)英语中有48音素。(www.51education.net)

4)    音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。(www.51education.net)ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

5)    元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。(www.51education.net)英语中有20元音。(www.51education.net)

6)    辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。(www.51education.net)英语中有28辅音。(www.51education.net)

7)    开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi

8)    闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it

9)    重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。(www.51education.net)

2. 元音:(注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)

1)     [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

2)     [i] sit, build, miss, myth 

3)     [e] bed, desk, head, 

4)     [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp 

5)     [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 

6)     [   ] hot, want 

7)     [    ] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caugh

8)     [u:] good, who, blue, soup, 

9)     [u] look, put, women, coul

10) [   ] cup, come, blood, rough 

11) [   ] girl, work, serve, nurse 

12) [   ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 

13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great, 

14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, ey

15) [    ] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow 

16) [au] house, tow

17) [    ] boy, oi

18) [    ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, 

19) [    ] pear, care, there, fair 

20) [    ] tour, poor,

3. 容易混淆的元音

1)     [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 

2)     [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 

3)     [e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 

4)     [au] [    ] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 

5)     [au] [   ] found fond; gown gone; down don

4. 辅音

1)     [p] pen, 

2)     [b] bed, comb 

3)     [t] tell, 

4)     [d], day, played, wanted 

5)     [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box 

6)     [g] big, go, guess, language 

7)     [m] man 

8)     [n] nine, knife, autumn 

9)     [   ] bank, uncle, English, sing, 

10) [l] land, world 

11) [r] read, write, 

12) [f] five, cough, laugh 

13) [v] voice, of 

14) [   ] think, 

15) [   ] this, bath

16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf 

17) [z] zoo, close, 

18) [   ] sure, she, social, nation 

19)  [   ] pleasure, 

20) [h] hot, who, hour 

21) [w] wall, what, answer 

22) [j] yes 

23) [    ] child, teach, catch 

24) [    ] joke, bridge

25) [ts] boats 

26) [dz] goods 

27) [tr] tree 

28) [dr] dream

5. 容易混淆的辅音

1)    [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 

2)    [s] [   ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 

3)    [z] [   ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes 

4)     [n] [   ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 

6. 读音规则

1)    重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)

2)    非重读音节 [   ] banana, student, today, after,

[i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday

7. 特殊读音

1)     音的连读:not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all

2)     失去爆破:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme

3)     音的同化:this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?

8. 重音

1)单词重音

A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读。(www.51education.net)letter, sorry

b) a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。(www.51education.net)

a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, 

im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late 

c) de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-  等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。(www.51education.net)

'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent 

d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。(www.51education.net)

'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war 

B)多音节词

a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。(www.51education.net)'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy. 

b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。(www.51education.net)

'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment, 

c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。(www.51education.net)

cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective 

d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。(www.51education.net)enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette 

2)句子重音

A) 英语的节奏:(轻)----(轻)或重--(轻)(轻)重

B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。(www.51education.net)

C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be.

D) 实词不重读的特殊情况

a)     实词第二次出现

He thinks of that as a child thinks

b)    一个名词被第二个名词修饰

I met her in the railway station. 

c)     代替词

Which book do you want? The small one

d)    感叹词中的 what how

What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! 

e)     street 在专有名词中

Wangfujing Street.

f)  this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening

E)虚词重读的特殊情况

a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。(www.51education.net)

Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can

I don't like you. He isn't a worker. 

b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。(www.51education.net)

They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. 

c) 介词在句首和句尾。(www.51education.net)

In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with

d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。(www.51education.net)

If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him. 

e)反身代词表示强调。(www.51education.net)

He couldn't come himself. 

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