A. 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。 He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。(同时发生) To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。(to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后)
B.不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。 I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
C. 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。 I'm sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。 I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的,但是我感觉身体不舒服。 It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说,被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。
D. 不定式的完成进行式 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。 He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。 I'm sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉,我一直打扰你。 比较: 不定式的时态意义。 He is said to be studying abroad. 据说他正在国外读书。(不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行) He is said to have studied abroad. 据说他在国外学习过。(不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束)
1.一般式 to be done These are the books to be given out to the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。 He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。 2.完成式 to have been done The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。 He appeared to have been questioned for many times. 看起来他已经被询问过很多次了。
F. 不定式的否定形式 不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。 We decided not to go out because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好,我们决定不出去。 Never to have made any mistake is impossible. 从不犯错是不可能的。 注意:谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定不同的意义 I did not promise to wake him up. 我没有答应叫醒他。 I promised not to wake him up. 我答应了不叫醒他。